Thermal Dosimetry and Treatment Planning

ISBN-13: 9783642487149 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 216 str.

Michel Gautherie

Opis

When in the future improved and more flexible heating equipment becomes available, and when hyperthermia is applied more routinely, computerized simulations of treatments will become commonplace, as they are in radia tion therapy. For hyperthermia, however, such simulations will be used not only for the traditional role of planning patient treatment, but also for three other applications not needed in radiation therapy - the comparative evalu ation of equipment, feedback control during treatment, and the post-treat ment evaluation of therapy. The present simulations of hyperthermia are crude and simple when compared with what is required for these future ap plications, a fact which indicates the nedd for considerable research and de velopment in this area. Indeed, this research is proceeding rapidly within the hyperthermia community, whre three-dimensional power deposition and temperature calculations have just become available for realistic patief anatomies. Of equal significance are the even more rapid development in diagnostic imaging for the determination and display of patient anatomy and blood flow rates - information required for the planning of realistic hyperthermia treatment. These simulations will be very valuable tools which can be used to great ad vantage when combined with data obtained from treatments of patients."

Spis treści

1 Fundamentals of Bioheat Transfer.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics.- 1.3 Modes of Heat Transfer.- 1.3.1 Introduction.- 1.3.2 Conduction.- 1.3.3 Convection.- 1.3.4 Radiation.- 1.3.5 Two-Phase (Solid/Liquid) Boundaries.- 1.3.6 Concluding Remarks.- 1.4 Heat Transfer to Blood Vessels.- 1.4.1 Introduction.- 1.4.2 Heat Transfer from Blood Flowing in a Vessel.- 1.4.3 Heat Transfer Between Parallel Blood Vessels.- 1.4.4 Heat Transfer from a Blood Vessel near the Skin Surface.- 1.4.5 Concluding Remarks.- 1.5 System Modeling.- 1.5.1 Introduction.- 1.5.2 Lumped Element Models.- 1.5.3 Estimation of the Maximum Surface Temperature of a Material for Thermal Safety.- 1.5.4 Thermal Models of the Tissue Perfused by Blood.- 1.5.5 Whole Body Models.- 1.6 Numerical Methods.- 1.6.1 Introduction.- 1.6.2 Finite Difference Method.- 1.6.3 Finite Element Method.- 1.6.4 Approximate Finite Element Methods.- 1.6.5 Concluding Remarks.- 1.7 Properties and Measurements.- 1.7.1 Introduction.- 1.7.2 Temperature.- 1.7.3 Thermophysical Properties.- 1.7.4 Blood Perfusion.- Nomenclature.- References.- 2 Calculation of Power Deposition Patterns in Hyperthermia.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 General Considerations.- 2.2.1 Heat Sources.- 2.2.2 Governing Equations.- 2.2.3 Solution Techniques.- 2.2.4 Sample Results.- 2.3 Modeling Progress.- 2.3.1 Current Status.- 2.3.2 Future Directions and Summary.- 2.4 Numerical Methods.- 2.4.1 Domain Integral Equations.- 2.4.2 Finite Element Method.- 2.4.3 Finite Differences.- 2.4.4 Boundary Element Method.- 2.4.5 Hybrid Element Formulation.- 2.4.6 Final Remarks.- References.- 3 Thermal Dosimetry.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Applications of Basic Heat Transfer Modeling Principles to Hyperthermia.- 3.2.1 The “Ideal” Hyperthermia Temperature Distribution.- 3.2.2 Typical Hyperthermia Thermal Numbers.- 3.2.2.1 Spatial Variations.- 3.2.2.2 Temporal Variations.- 3.2.2.3 Energy Removal — Conduction and Blood Convection.- 3.3 Thermal Dosimetry.- 3.3.1 Comparative Thermal Dosimetry.- 3.3.1.1 Introduction.- 3.3.1.2 Current Status of Comparative Evaluations.- 3.3.1.3 Conclusions.- 3.3.2. Prospective Thermal Dosimetry.- 3.3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.3.2.2 Simulation Requirements.- 3.3.2.3 Summary.- 3.3.3 Current Thermal Dosimetry.- 3.3.3.1 Introduction.- 3.3.3.2 Single-Point Control Systems.- 3.3.3.3 Multi-Point Control Systems.- 3.3.3.4 Control of the Complete Temperature Field.- 3.3.3.5 Summary.- 3.3.4 Retrospective Thermal Dosimetry.- 3.3.4.1 Introduction.- 3.3.4.2 Steady-State Approach.- 3.3.4.3 Transient Approach.- 3.3.4.4 Summary.- Nomenclature.- References.