Therapeutic Hemorheology

ISBN-13: 9783642754890 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 297 str.

Albrecht M. Ehrly

Opis

Hemorheologic therapy has gained considerably in importance in recent years. This detailed and comprehensive book enumerates, discusses, and critically evaluates those treatment methods in which therapeutic success rests essentially on achieving an improvement in hemodynamics. After a general account of clinical hemorheology, fundamental aspects of hemorheologic methods and the eval- uation and assessment of hemorheologic parameters are discussed and the pathophysiology is described in detail. The treatment methods and substances that bring about improvement of the hemodynamics are described in chronologic order of first publication, and in each case all known later publications are also discussed in the order in which they appeared. This topical account of hemorheologic therapy - the results reported to date and the spectrum of applications - will be a valuable addition to the library both of the specialist and of all interested doctors in hospital and general practice.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 Aim and Structure of the Book.- 2.1 Aim.- 2.2 Exclusion Criteria.- 2.2.1 Clinicotherapeutic Results Within the Framework of Therapy with Rheologically Active Measures.- 2.2.2 Clinicotherapeutic Studies with Hemorheologically Active Substances and Measures Without Simultaneous Measurement of Hemorheologic Parameters.- 2.2.3 Publications with In Vitro Studies and Microcirculatory Measures.- 2.2.4 Review Articles.- 2.2.5 Publications on Hemorheologicotherapeutic Effects of Leukocytes and Thrombocytes.- 2.2.6 Publications on the Prophylactic Use of Hemorheologic Measures.- 2.2.7 Publications not Allowing a Specific Categorization.- 2.3 Organization of the Book.- 2.3.1 Structure.- 2.3.2 Chronologic Order of the Publications Discussed in the Specific Part.- 2.3.3 Monotherapy/Combined Therapy.- 2.3.4 Procedure for the Treatment of Publications on Hemorheologicotherapeutic Measures and Medications.- 2.3.5 Drug Terminology.- 2.3.6 Sources, Literature.- 3. General Part.- 3.1 Short Historic Presentation as well as Explanations of the Terms “Biorheology”, “Hemorheology”, “Clinical Rheology”, and “Therapeutic Hemorheology”.- 3.2. Clinical Hemorheology.- 3.2.1 Pathophysiology of Diseases with Pathologically Changed Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.2.1.1 Direct Systemic Deterioration of the Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.2.1.2 Indirect Systemic Deterioration of the Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.2.1.3 Local Changes in the Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.2.1.4 Circuli Vitiosi.- 3.2.1.5 Maldistribution (Impoirment of Microvascular Blood Flow Distribution).- 3.2.1.6 Combined Systemic and Local Deterioration of the Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.2.1.7 Compensation of Systemic Changes in the Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.2.1.8 Open Questions on Clinical Hemorheology.- 3.2.2 Validity of Statistical Evaluations of Changed Parameters in the Flow Properties of Blood in Patients.- 3.2.3 The So-called Hyperviscosity Syndrome.- 3.2.4 Glossary of Important Rheologic Terms.- 3.3 Therapeutic Hemorheology.- 3.3.1 Short Historic Review of Therapeutic Hemorheology.- 3.3.2 Theoretically Plausible Modes of Action for Hemorheologic Therapy.- 3.3.3 Relevance of In Vitro-Experiments, Animal Experiments, and Studies with Healthy Individuals Using Rheologically Active Substances.- 3.3.4 Remarks on the Most Common Methods of Measuring a Hemorheologicotherapeutic Effect.- 3.3.5 Dependence of Hemorheologic Parameters on Blood Sampling.- 3.3.6 Pathophysiologic Validity of Various Subparameters of the Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.3.7 Evaluation of Hemorheologic Data Obtained from Patients During Treatment.- 3.3.7.1 General Remarks.- 3.3.7.2 Examples of the Discrepancy of Hemorheologicotherapeutic Measures on the One Hand and the Clinical Effect or Efficacy on the Other Hand.- 3.3.7.3 Exceptional Features of Hemodilution.- 3.3.7.3.1 Optimal Hematocrit.- 3.3.7.3.2 Maldistribution due to Hemodilution Using Human Albumin Infusions.- 3.3.7.4 Conclusions.- 3.3.8 Indications for Therapy with Rheologically Active Measures.- 3.3.9 Aim of Therapeutic Hemorheology and Verification of the Clinical Results.- 3.3.10 Deterioration of the Flow Properties of Blood as a Result of Medication.- 3.3.11 Future Development and Limitations of Therapeutic Hemorheology.- 3.4 Survey of the Most Important Hemorheologicotherapeutic Measures According to Their Modes of Action.- 4 Specific Part Hemorheologicotherapeutic Measures and Medications.- 4.1 Monotherapy (Single Substances, Single Measures).- 4.1.1 Potassium Iodide.- 4.1.2 Venesection, Erythrapheresis.- 4.1.3 Saline Solutions, Crystalloid Solutions.- 4.1.4 Calcium Gluconate.- 4.1.5 Heparin and Heparinoids.- 4.1.6 Coumarins.- 4.1.7 Dextran Solutions.- 4.1.8 Penicillin.- 4.1.9 Hemapheresis (Plasmapheresis/Plasma Exchange, Cy tapheresis, Hemoperfusion).- 4.1.10 Chemotherapy, Cytostatic Drugs.- 4.1.11 Cardio-active Glycosides.- 4.1.12 Diuretics.- 4.1.13 Adenyl Compounds.- 4.1.14 Glucose Solutions/Levulose Solutions.- 4.1.15 Human Albumin and Human Plasma Solutions.- 4.1.16 Anesthetics.- 4.1.17 Gelatine Solutions.- 4.1.18 Streptokinase/Urokinase.- 4.1.19 Ancrod/Batroxobin.- 4.1.20 Electrically Induced Sleep.- 4.1.21 Contraceptives.- 4.1.22 X-Ray Contrast Media.- 4.1.23 Rutosides.- 4.1.24 Protein-Free Calves’Blood Extract.- 4.1.25 Nicotinic Acid Derivatives.- 4.1.26 Bencyclane.- 4.1.27 Pentoxifylline.- 4.1.28 Carbocromen.- 4.1.29 Clofibrate.- 4.1.30 Pyridinol Carbamate.- 4.1.31 Agonists and Antagonists at the Adrenoceptors.- 4.1.32 Choline Esters (“Essential Phospholipids”), Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Fish Oil Preparations.- 4.1.33 Calcium Dobesilate.- 4.1.34 Cinnarizine/Flunarizine.- 4.1.35 Hydroxyethyl Starch Solutions.- 4.1.36 Suloctidil.- 4.1.37 Butalamine.- 4.1.38 Naftidrofuryl.- 4.1.39 Vincamine.- 4.1.40 Ticlopidine.- 4.1.41 Antiepileptics.- 4.1.42 Buflomedil.- 4.1.43 Nitroglycerine and Nitrates.- 4.1.44 Insulin and Oral Antidiabetic Drugs.- 4.1.45 Acetylsalicylic Acid.- 4.1.46 Dipyridamole.- 4.1.47 Eburnamonine.- 4.1.48 Stanozolol.- 4.1.49 Nicergoline.- 4.1.50 Nifedipine.- 4.1.51 Prostaglandins/Prostacyclins.- 4.1.52 Indomethacin and Other Antirheumatic Drugs.- 4.1.53 Hydroxychloroquine.- 4.1.54 Fludrocortisone.- 4.1.55 Ketanserin.- 4.1.56 Plant Extracts (Bioflavonoids).- 4.1.57 Zilazep.- 4.1.58 Erythrocyte Transfusion in Sickle Cell Anemia.- 4.1.59 Iron Therapy in Polycythemia.- 4.1.60 Piracetam.- 4.1.61 Lipid Solutions.- 4.1.62 Exercise, Physiotherapy, Diet.- 4.1.63 Oxygen Therapy in Cor Pulmonale.- 4.1.64 Extracorporal Ultraviolet Radiation of the Blood.- 4.1.65 Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplants.- 4.1.66 Carnitine.- 4.1.67 Benfurodil.- 4.1.68 Molsidomine.- 4.1.69 Trapidyl.- 4.1.70 Glycerine Solutions.- 4.1.71 Polydeoxynucleotide.- 4.1.72 1-Thyroxine.- 4.2 Simultaneous Therapy with Hemorheologically Active Substances.- 4.2.1 Introduction.- 4.2.2 Venesection and Hemodilution with Plasma or Plasma Substitutes.- 4.2.2.1 Venesection and Dextran Solutions.- 4.2.2.2 Venesection and Plasma Protein Solutions.- 4.2.2.3 Venesection and Hydroxy ethyl Starch Solutions.- 4.2.2.4 Venesection and Isotonic Saline Solutions.- 4.2.3 Isovolemic Hemodilution and Defibrinogenation.- 4.2.4 Plasmapheresis and Chemotherapy.- 4.2.5 Streptokinase and Defibrinogenation.- 4.2.6 Electrolyte Solutions and Pentoxifylline.- 4.2.7 Hemodilution and Flavon Glycosides.- 4.2.8 Urokinase and Human Albumin Solutions.- 4.2.9 Pentoxifylline and Nadolol.- 4.2.10 Pentoxifylline and Piracetam.- 4.2.11 1-Dopa and Budipine.- 4.2.12 Combinations of Several Hemorheologically Active Drugs.- 4.3 Table of the Rheologic Measures Used by Various Authors with Regar to Diseases or Groups of Diseases.- 5 Summary.- 6 Addendum.- 7 References.- 8 Index to the General Part.- 9 Comparison of Generic Names (INN) and Trade Names of a Selection of Drugs Named by the Authors in the Initial Description of a Hemorheologic Effect (Chronologic Order).