Theory of Production and Cost

ISBN-13: 9783642768149 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 405 str.

G. Nter Fandel

Opis

This book gives a comprehensive synopsis of the basic and the more highly developed approaches to the theory of production and cost relevant for founded efficiency analysis of industrial production processes. After an introductory survey and classification of the material the different production models and production functions are developed on the basis of the activity analysis. Added to these models and functions are technical, stochastic, dynamic and empirical considerations. Based on these are cost-theoretical approaches for the derivations of cost functions. The company's adaption processes in production are set out in detail. The treatment of the subject is supported by 139 pictures and 23 tables.

Spis treści

1: Introductory Survey of the Production Field.- I. Integration of Production into Business Administration.- 1. The Notion of Production.- 2. Institutional Division of Business Administration.- 3. Functional Division of Business Administration.- II. Basic Conditions and Tasks of Entrepreneurial Activity.- III. Delimitation of the Research Subject.- IV. Object of the Theory of Production and Cost.- V. Different Fields of Production Planning.- 1. Planning the Production Program.- 2. Choice of the Production Procedure.- 3. Organizing the Productive Potential.- 4. Planning the Production Process.- VI. Production and Management Planning.- VII. Summarizing Survey.- One Production Theory.- 2: Fundamentals of Production Theory.- I. Survey of Developments in Production Theory.- 1. Description of Productive Principles by Technologies.- 2. Types of Production Functions.- 3. Empirical Validity of Production Functions.- 4. Stochastic and Dynamic Extensions.- II. Basic Elements of Production.- 1. Products, Production Factors, Goods.- 2. Activity and Technology.- III. Technologies.- 1. General Assumptions.- 2. Special Forms of Technologies.- 3. Production Matrix and Goods Restrictions for Linear Technologies.- IV. The Efficiency Criterion.- V. Production Functions.- 1. Deduction of the Production Function from Technology.- 2. Relations between Factors and between Products.- 3. Basic Notions of Production Theory for Characterizing Production Functions.- 3: Substitutional Production Functions.- I. Marginal Rate of Substitution, Complementarity, Substitutional Elasticity.- II. The Classical Production Function (Classical Law of Returns).- III. Neoclassic Production Functions.- 1. The Cobb-Douglas Production Function.- 2. The CES Production Function.- 3. Extensions of the CES Production Function.- 4: Limitational Production Functions.- I. Leontief Production Function.- 1. Considerations Based on a Single Production Process.- 2. Investigation of Cases with more than One Production Process.- II. Gutenberg Production Function.- 1. Basic Assumptions and Fundamental Considerations.- 2. Different Kinds of Adjustment as Parameters of Action.- 3. Production Relations between End Product Quantity and Use of Potential Factors for Different Kinds of Adjustments.- 4. The Concept of the Consumption Function for Consumption Factors.- 5. Production Relations between End Product Quantity and Consumption Factor Input for Different Adjustments.- 5: Some Further Approaches in the Field of Static-Deterministic Production Functions.- I. Introductory Remarks.- II Heinen Production Function.- III Engineering Production Functions.- 1. Development and General Formal Description of Engineering Production Functions.- 2. Engineering Production Functions for Single Aggregates.- 3. Engineering Production Functions for Branches of Industry.- 4. Engineering Production Function for a High-Voltage Line.- 5. Engineering Production Function in Aircraft Construction.- IV. Pichler’s Concept of Throughput Functions.- V. Kloock’s Input-Output-Analysis Approach.- 6: Dynamic and Stochastic Extensions in the Field of Production Functions.- I. Preliminary Remarks.- II. The Dynamizing of Production Functions.- 1. Points of Contact between the Static and the Dynamic Approach.- 2. Reasons for a Dynamic Approach.- 3. Dynamizing Forms.- III. Time-Dependent Technologies Resulting from Innovations - Autonomous Technical Progress.- 1. Description of Time-Related Input-Output Relations for Leontief Processes.- 2. Technical Progress in the Gutenberg Production Function.- 3. Krelle’s Dynamic Production Function.- IV. Inclusion of Learning Processes in a Theory of Production - Induced Technical Progress.- 1. A Theoretical Concept of Learning Processes in Manufacturing.- 2. Inclusion of Learning Processes in Different Types of Production Functions.- V. Küpper’s Dynamic Production Function.- VI. Considering Uncertainties of Production by Stochastization of the Production Function.- VII. Model of a Stochastic Production Function on the Basis of the Classical Law of Returns.- 7: Empirical Validity of Production Functions.- I. Different Approaches.- II. A Formal Framework for Analysing the Empirical Validity of Production Functions.- III. Evaluating the Empirical Validity of Specific Production Functions.- 1. The Classical Law of Returns.- 2. The Leontief Production Function.- 3. The Gutenberg Production Function.- 4. The Heinen Production Function.- 5. The Kloock Production Function.- 6. Engineering Production Functions.- 7. Summary.- IV. The Empirical Significance of the Gutenberg Production Function in the Light of Practical Research.- 1. Chances and Limitations of the Gutenberg Production Function.- 2. Lines of Empirical Determination.- 3. Results of Empirical Studies.- Two Cost Theory.- 8: Fundamentals of a Cost Theory and Minimal Cost Combination.- I. Transition from Production Theory to Cost Theory.- II. Costs and Cost-Influencing Factors.- 1. The General Notion of Cost.- 2. Cost-Influencing Factors.- III. Special Notions of Cost.- IV. The Selection Problem in Cost Theory: The Minimal Cost Combination.- 1. Notion and Content of the Minimal Cost Combination.- 2. Minimal Cost Combination for Substitutional Production.- 3. Minimal Cost Combination for Linear-Limitational Production with a Single Production Process.- 4. Minimal Cost Combination for Linear-Limitational Production with Several Production Processes.- V. Minimal Cost Combination for Dynamic Considerations of Production and Cost.- VI. Historical Contributions to Cost Theory.- 9: Cost Functions on the Basis of Special Production Functions.- I. Deriving a Cost Function from a Production Function.- II. Cost Functions on the Basis of the Law-of-Return Production Functions.- III. Cost Functions of the Neoclassic Production Functions.- IV. Cost Functions for the Leontief Production Functions.- V. Cost Functions on the Basis of the Gutenberg Production Function.- 10: Combined Processes of Adjustment for Several Functionally Identical Aggregates.- I. Approaches to Combined Adjustment in the Literature.- II. Adjustments of Time, Intensity, and Quantity of Aggregates that Differ in Costs.- 1. Formulation of the Problem and Assumptions.- 2. The Solution Approach of Pre-Optimized Marginal Costs Functions.- 3. The Solution Method of Dynamic Programming.- III. Combined Adjustment Processes without Adjustments of Time.- 1. Preliminary Remarks.- 2. Adjustment Processes in Cases of Constant Output Intensities.- 3. Adjustment Processes in Cases of Intensity Splitting.- References.- Name Index.