The Vitreous State: Thermodynamics, Structure, Rheology, and Crystallization

ISBN-13: 9783642346323 / Angielski / Twarda / 2013 / 553 str.

Iwan Gutzow; J. Rn W. P. Schmelzer; Ivan Gutzow

Opis

This book summarizes the experimental evidence and modern classical and theoretical approaches in understanding the vitreous state, from structural problems, over equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, to statistical physics. Glasses, and especially silicate glasses, are only the best known representatives of this particular physical state of matter. Other typical representatives include organic polymer glasses, and many other easily vitrifying organic and inorganic substances, technically important materials, amidst them vitreous water and vitrified aqueous solutions, and also many metallic alloy systems. Some of these systems only form glasses under particular conditions, e.g. through ultra-rapid cooling. This book describes the properties and the formation of both every-day technical glasses and especially of such more exotic forms of vitreous matter.
It is a unique source of knowledge and new ideas for materials scientists, engineers and researchers working on condensed matter. The new edition emphasizes latest experimental findings and modern theories, explaining the kinetics of glass formation, the relaxation and stabilization of glasses and their crystallization in terms of new models, derived from the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. It shows how the properties of common technical glasses, window glass, or the vitreous ice kernel of comets can be used to develop a new understanding of the existence of matter in various, unusual forms. The described theories can even find application for the description of lasers and interesting unusual processes in the universe.

Spis treści

Introduction.- States of Aggregation, Thermodynamic Phases, and the Vitreous State.- Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and the Kinetics of Glass Transition and Stabilization.- General Approaches to the Description of the Structure of Glasses.- Statistical Physics of Under-Cooled Melts and Glasses.- Nucleation in Glass-Forming Systems.- Catalyzed Crystallization of Glass-Forming Melts.- Theory of Crystal Growth and Dissolution in Under-cooled Melts.- Growth of Clusters. Ostwald’s Rule of Stages.- Kinetics of Overall Crystallization.- Liquid Phase Separation in Glass-Forming Melts.- Rheology of Glass-Forming Melts.- Concluding Remarks.

O autorze

Jürn Schmelzer - author of about 170 scientific publications and 90 presentations at conferences - is researcher in the Max-Planck-group at the University of Rostock, and leading research associate at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research of Dubna. Prof. Ivan S. Gutzow, scientist with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, has served at research positions at various institutions, including the Universities of Jena and Rostock, Germany, and MIT and Case Western University, USA. His work, published in more than 240 papers, has earned him various awards, e.g. the 2002 International Alexander von Humboldt Research Price.
His society affiliations include the German Union of Glass Technology (DGG), and the International Commission of Glass.

Blurb

This book summarizes the experimental evidence and modern classical and theoretical approaches in understanding the vitreous state, from structural problems, over equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, to statistical physics. Glasses, and especially silicate glasses, are only the best known representatives of this particular physical state of matter. Other typical representatives include organic polymer glasses, and many other easily vitrifying organic and inorganic substances, technically important materials, amidst them vitreous water and vitrified aqueous solutions, and also many metallic alloy systems. Some of these systems only form glasses under particular conditions, e.g. through ultra-rapid cooling. This book describes the properties and the formation of both every-day technical glasses and especially of such more exotic forms of vitreous matter.
It is a unique source of knowledge and new ideas for materials scientists, engineers and researchers working on condensed matter. The new edition emphasizes latest experimental findings and modern theories, explaining the kinetics of glass formation, the relaxation and stabilization of glasses and their crystallization in terms of new models, derived from the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. It shows how the properties of common technical glasses, window glass, or the vitreous ice kernel of comets can be used to develop a new understanding of the existence of matter in various, unusual forms. The developed theoretical models can find application even in the description of lasers and in unusual processes in the universe.