The Visual Thalamocortical System and Its Modulation by the Brain Stem Core

ISBN-13: 9783642749032 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 124 str.

Mircea Steriade; D. Pare; B. Hu

Opis

This monographic work authored by eminent neurophysiologists will be of major interest to researchers investigating the visual system or working in behavioral neuroscience and sleep research. The book deals with the neuronal circuits of the visual thalamocortical system, the brainstem and basal forebrain modulatory systems and their neurotransmitters acting upon these circuits, and the neuronal activities in the visual thalamocortical system as changed during shifts in behavioral states of vigilance from wake to sleep. Data discussed consist of recent studies on light and electron microscopy, extra- and intracellular recordings of thalamic and cortical neurons, neurotransmitter actions, and state-dependent cellular activities in the visual system.

Spis treści

1 Prologue.- 2 Basic Circuits in the Visual Thalamocortical Systems and Their Physiological Aspects.- 2.1 The Lateral Geniculate-Perigeniculate Thalamic Complex.- 2.1.1 Lateral Geniculate Thalamocortical Cells.- 2.1.2 Lateral Geniculate Local Circuit Inhibitory Cells.- 2.1.3 Perigeniculate Neurons.- 2.1.4 Synaptic Organization of Lateral Geniculate- Perigeniculate Circuits and Their Physiological Aspects.- 2.1.4.1 Lateral Geniculate Glomeruli.- 2.1.4.2 Extraglomerular Lateral Geniculate Neuropil..- 2.1.4.3 The Perigeniculate Sector of the Reticular Nuclear Complex.- 2.1.4.4 Physiological Aspects of Lateral Geniculate- Perigeniculate Circuits.- 2.2 The Visual Cortex.- 2.2.1 Termination Patterns of Geniculocortical Axons.- in Striate and Extrastriate Areas.- 2.2.2 Cell Types in the Visual Cortex.- 2.2.2.1 Long-Axoned Pyramidal Neurons.- 2.2.2.2 Intrinsic Neurons.- 2.2.3 Neuronal Circuits in the Visual Cortex.- 2.2.3.1 Vertical Circuits.- 2.2.3.2 Horizontal Interactions.- 3 Regulatory Systems of the Brain Stem Core, Basal Forebrain, and Hypothalamus.- 3.1 Cholinergic Cell Groups.- 3.1.1 The Innervation of the Visual Thalamus from the Cholinergic Column of the Mesopontine Tegmentum.- 3.1.2 Cholinergic Projections of the Basal Forebrain Towards Visual Cortical Areas.- 3.1.3 Cholinergic Receptors.- 3.2 Catecholaminergic Cell Groups.- 3.2.1 Norepinephrinergic Systems.- 3.2.2 Dopaminergic Projection Systems.- 3.3 Serotonergic Cell Groups.- 3.4 Hypothalamic Cell Groups.- 4 Neurotransmitters.- 4.1 Acetylcholine.- 4.1.1 Lateral Geniculate-Perigeniculate Thalamic Nuclei.- 4.1.2 Visual Cortex.- 4.2 Monoamines.- 4.2.1 Lateral Geniculate-Perigeniculate Thalamic Nuclei.- 4.2.2 Visual Cortex.- 4.3 Amino Acids.- 4.3.1 Excitatory Amino Acids.- 4.3.1.1 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.- 4.3.1.2 Visual Cortex.- 4.3.2 y-Aminobutyric Acid.- 4.3.2.1 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.- 4.3.2.2 Visual Cortex.- 4.4 Final Comments.- 5 State Dependency of Visual Thalamic and Cortical Activities.- 5.1 Background Activity: Bursting and Tonic Discharge Patterns.- 5.2 Excitatory-Inhibitory Processes During Sleep Oscillations and Tonically Activated States.- 5.2.1 Responsiveness to Central Stimuli.- 5.2.2. Responsiveness to Photic Stimuli.- 5.2.3 Inhibitory Processes.- 5.2.4 Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) Waves.- 5.2.4.1 Modulation of Lateral Geniculate Cells During PGO Waves and Eye Movement Potentials.- 5.2.4.2 Mechanism of Thalamic PGO Waves.- 5.2.4.3 Functional Significance of the Eye Movement Potentials and PGO Waves During Natural Waking and Sleep States.- 6 References.- 7 Subject Index.