Introduction: Involuntarism and Philosophy; Philosophy, Genealogy, Symptomatology; The Unconscious of Thought; Freedom without Voluntarism; Speculative Empiricism and Materialist Epistemology; Outline of the Book; Chapter 1. The Obscure Dust of the World: The Unconscious of Perception in Leibniz; Conscious Thought and its Limits; Imperceptible Perceptions; Inclination and Determination; The Metaphysics of Interaction and the Problem of Bodies; Infinitesimal Agency; Chapter 2. Inevitable and Persistent Inadequacies: The Unconscious of Ideas in Spinoza; Inadequacy: Partial and Abstract Ideas; Adequate Knowledge: Causes and Actuality; Understanding and Power; The Persistence of the Inadequate and Spinozist Consciousness; Chapter 3. Deteriora Sequor: The Unconscious of Desire in Spinoza; Spinozist Desire and the Critique of Voluntarism; The Identity of Intellect and Volition; In Defense of the Identity (Ethics II, 49 Scholium); The Unconscious of Desire; Chapter 4. The Gravity of Ideas: The Unconscious of Habit in Hume; Ideal Relations and Association; Secret Powers: Hume’s Critiques of Causation; Belief, Habit, Synthesis; Hume’s Antinomy and the Problem of Correction; Conclusion: Obscurity and Involvement; Works Cited.