The Theory and Practice of Experimental Philosophy

ISBN-13: 9781554810086 / Angielski / Miękka / 2015 / 376 str.

Justin Sytsma; Jonathan Livengood

Opis

In recent years, developments in experimental philosophy have led many thinkers to reconsider their central assumptions and methods. It is not enough to speculate and introspect from the armchair–philosophers must subject their claims to scientific scrutiny, looking at evidence and in some cases conducting new empirical research. The"Theory and Practice of Experimental Philosophy" is an introduction and guide to the systematic collection and analysis of empirical data in academic philosophy.
This book serves two purposes: first, it examines the theory behind “x-phi,” including its underlying motivations and the objections that have been leveled against it. Second, the book offers a practical guide for those interested in doing experimental philosophy, detailing how to design, implement, and analyze empirical studies. Thus, the book explains the reasoning behind x-phi and provides tools to help readers become experimental philosophers.

Spis treści

Figures and Tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction: An Anti-Manifesto

PART I: THEORY

Chapter 1: The New Experimental Philosophy

1. What Is Experimental Philosophy?
2. Experimental Philosophy of Experimental Philosophy
3. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 2: Motivations and Categorizations

1. Philosophical Inquiry
1. The Wonderment Account
2. The Historical Contingency Account
3. The Normative Account
4. The Modal Account
5. The Rational Account
6. The Conceptual Account
2. A Classification Scheme
1. Non-Intuitional vs. Intuitional Experimental Philosophy
2. Intuitional Experimental Philosophy
3. The Evidential Approach
4. The Neutral Approach
3. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 3: Programs and Examples

1. The Non-Intuitional Program
2. The Negative Program
1. Knowledge
2. Reference
3. The Positive Program
1. Compatibilism about Free Will
2. Playing Defense
4. The Cognitive Program
1. Sources of Moral Intuitions
2. Sources of Attributions of Intentionality
3. Sources of Attributions of Consciousness
5. The Descriptive Program
6. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 4: Criticisms and Responses

1. The Mischaracterization Objection
1. Explaining Away Appeals to Intuitions
2. Against the Mischaracterization Objection’s Empirical Claim
3. Against the Critical Inference
2. The Error Objection
1. Sosa’s Version of the Error Objection
2. Kauppinen’s Version of the Error Objection
3. Three Replies to the Error Objection
3. The Expertise Objection
1. The Expertise Objection and Intuitions about Reference
2. Four Replies to the Expertise Objection
4. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

PART II: PRACTICE

Chapter 5: How to Conduct Empirical Research in Philosophy

1. Empirical Inquiry and Statistical Inference
2. Experiments and Control
3. The Research Process
4. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 6: Developing a Research Question

1. Formulating an Argument
2. Deriving a Hypothesis
3. Deciding on a Strategy
1. Goals
2. Type of Claim
4. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 7: Determining the Research Design

1. Simple Designs and Factorial Designs
2. Between-Participants, Within-Participants, and Mixed Model Designs
3. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 8: Advanced Research Designs

1. Pretests and Posttests
2. Blocking
3. Complete, Incomplete, and Fractional Factorial Designs
4. Counterbalancing
5. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 9: Constructing an Instrument

1. Conversational Pragmatics
2. Types of Questions
3. Types of Variables
4. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 10: A Brief Introduction to R

1. Getting Started with R
2. Naming and Retrieval
3. Reading Files
4. Loading Packages
5. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 11: Conducting a Study

1. Pilot Testing and Institutional Approval
2. Sampling, Probably by Convenience
3. Data Visualization and Summary Statistics
1. Histograms
2. Means and Standard Deviations
3. Medians
4. Boxplots
4. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 12: Analyzing Estimation Claims

1. Parametric Estimation
1. Example: Drawing Marbles from a Bucket
2. Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
3. Confidence Intervals for Population Means
2. Non-Parametric Estimation
1. Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
2. The Wilcoxon Procedure
3. Bootstrap Resampling
3. Bayesian Estimation
4. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 13: Analyzing Comparison Claims

1. Parametric Comparison
1. Comparing a Location Parameter to a Fixed Value
2. Comparing Multiple Location Parameters
3. Effect Size and Statistical Power
2. Non-Parametric Comparison
1. Comparing Population Proportions
2. The Wilcoxon Procedure
3. Bootstrap Resampling
3. Bayesian Comparison
1. A Bayesian Alternative to the t-test
2. Bayesian Power Calculations
4. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 14: Analyzing Relation Claims

1. Simple Linear Regression
2. Diagnostics for Simple Linear Regression
3. One-Way Analysis of Variance
4. Logistic Regression and Ordered Logistic Regression
5. Multiple Regression and Advanced Experimental Designs
6. An Introduction to Causal Search
7. Summary and Suggestions for Further Reading

References
Index