2.2. Development of GDP in Estonia, Finland and Sweden
2.3. Development of Trade in Estonia, Finland and Sweden
2.4. Increasing Oil Prices – Driver of Harms in Sulphur Regulation
2.5. Maritime Diesel: Price Goes Up as Lower Sulphur Quality Requirements Rise
2.6. Conclusions
3. Was Sulphur Regulation the Reason for the Growth of Unitized Cargo between Finland and Estonia?
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Sulphur Regulation and Logistics Sector Change
3.3. Research Environment: Finnish Unitized Cargo Transportation Volumes at Baltic Sea
3.4. Empirical Data Analysis: Finnish Regression Models
3.5. Concluding Discussion
4. Unitized Cargo: Growing Truck-Based Volumes at the Sea Ports of Estonia, Sweden and Finland
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Estonian Logistics Sector and Growing Role of Trucks with Semi-Trailers
4.3. Swedish Logistics Sector and Growing Role of Trucks with Semi-Trailers
4.4. Finnish Logistics Sector and Growing Role of Trucks with Semi-Trailers
4.5. Concluding Discussion
5. Maritime Supply Chains: How They Experienced Regulation Change
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Short-Sea Shipping Companies
5.3. Two Hinterland Transport Companies – Road and Rail
5.4. Private Sector Expectations and Impressions Before and After Sulphur Regulation Implementation
5.5. LNG: Sea Port Terminal Point of View
5.6. Prices of Natural Gas in Different Locations
5.7. Conclusions
6. Longitudinal Survey Findings from Northern Europe
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Transportation Units Used
6.3. Transportation Modes Used – Future Directions
6.4. Sulphur Regulation Effects in Two Different Surveys
6.5. Conclusions
7. Simulation of Different Supply Chain Strategies
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Finnish Supply Chain Options to Central Europe
7.3. Finnish Supply Chain Options with Asia
7.4. Different Scenarios of Sulphur Regulation Implementation in Year 2020
7.5. Conclusions
8. Conclusions
Olli-Pekka Hilmola is Professor of Logistics at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. His research focuses on industrial management, supply chain management, system dynamics and transportation systems and he has published over 300 publications, including books, conference proceedings and articles. Professor Hilmola is currently on the editorial board of several international journals and published Supply Chain Cases with Palgrave Macmillan in 2017.
This book examines the current and controversial topic of the sulphur cap in maritime supply chains, a new regulation set to be enforced in 2020. The author presents extensive research on three northern countries - Finland, Sweden and Estonia - and the effects they felt when these regulations were rolled out in 2015. These regional case studies are presented alongside extensive private sector data, annual reports and interviews to assess and forecast how the maritime supply chain will cope with rising costs and alternative approaches to environmental regulations. This book includes advanced regression analyses alongside interactive simulation models for the reader to evaluate new supply chain strategies and study the effects of these regulations.