List of Contributors ixForeword xxiAcknowledgements xxiii1 Definitions, Principles, and Concepts for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research 1Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, Jennifer Alvidrez, and Carl V. Hill2 Getting Under the Skin: Pathways and Processes that Link Social and Biological Determinants of Disease 13Chandra L. Jackson, Rada K. Dagher, Jung S. Byun, Tilda Farhat, and Kevin L. Gardner3 Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Other Social Determinants 39Tiffany L. Gary-Webb, Sara E. Baumann, Erik J. Rodriquez, Lydia A. Isaac, and Thomas A. LaVeist4 Behavioral Determinants in Population Health and Health Disparities Research 59Amelie G. Ramirez, Patricia Chalela, Melanie D. Sabado-Liwag, and Kelvin Choi5 Sociocultural Environments and Health Disparities Research: Frameworks, Methods, and Promising Directions 77Hortensia Amaro, Samantha Garcia, Inna Arnaudova, and Monica P. Jolles6 Physical Environment, and Minority Health and Health Disparities Research 95Tracy Bastain, Carrie Breton, Shohreh Farzan, Rima Habre, Jill Johnston, Derrick C. Tabor, Claudia Toledo-Corral, and Elizabeth Vang7 Genome-wide Genetic Approaches to Metabolic and Inflammatory Health Disparities 109Cheryl A. Winkler8 Biologic Factors and Molecular Determinants in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases 125Marquitta White, Esteban Burchard, Page Goddard, Anup K. Nair, Leslie J. Baier, Federico Fuentes, and Jeffrey B. Kopp9 Insights into the Genomic Landscape of African Ancestry Populations: Implications for Health and Disease Disparities 139Charles N. Rotimi, Amy R. Bentley, Ayo P. Doumatey, Guanjie Chen, Daniel Shriner, and Adebowale Adeyemo10 Applying Self-report Measures in Minority Health and Health Disparities Research 153Mariana Sanchez, Bertha Hidalgo, Adelaida Rosario, Ligia Artiles, Anita L. Stewart, and Anna M. Nápoles11 Conducting Community-based Participatory Research with Minority Communities to Reduce Health Disparities 171Tung T. Nguyen, Nina Wallerstein, Rina Das, Melanie D. Sabado-Liwag, Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan, Tvli Jacob, Tamela Cannady, Linda Sprague Martinez, Uchenna J. Ndulue, Abigail Ortiz, Andrea Williams Stubbs, Latrice C. Pichon, Sora Park Tanjasiri, Jane Pang, and Kent Woo12 Racial/Ethnic Health and Healthcare Disparities Measurement: The Application of the Principles and Methods of Causal Inference 187Benjamin Cook, Sarah Forrester, Timothy Creedon, Joan Wasserman, Meryl Sufian, and Jeroan Allison13 Small Area Estimation and Bayesian Disease Mapping for Minority Health and Health Disparities 203Xingyou Zhang, Benmei Liu, Shumei Yun, and Robert L. Phillips14 Applications of Big Data Science and Analytic Techniques for Health Disparities Research 221Irene Dankwa-Mullan, Xinzhi Zhang, Phuong-Tu Le, and William T. Riley15 Complex Systems Science 243Matt Kasman, Nancy Breen, and Ross A. Hammond16 Improving Equity in Healthcare through Multilevel Interventions 257Margarita Alegria, Jacqueline J. Lloyd, Naomi Ali, and Karissa DiMarzio17 Using Implementation Science to Move from Knowledge of Disparities to Achievement of Equity 289Lisa A. Cooper, Tanjala S. Purnell, Michael Engelgau, Kristina Weeks, and Jill A. Marsteller18 Healthcare and Public Policy: Challenges and Opportunities for Research 309Olveen Carrasquillo, Sonjia Kenya, Stuti Dang, Cynthia Lebron, and Tilda Farhat19 Addressing Disparities in Access to High-quality Care 321Milda Saunders, Regina James, Kesi Williams, and Marshall Chin20 Health Communication as a Mediator of Health and Healthcare Disparities 339Neda Ratanawongsa, Benyam Hailu, and Dean Schillinger21 Comparative Effectiveness Research in Health Disparity Populations 359William V. Padula, Rick A. Berzon, Priscah Mujuru, and David O. Meltzer22 The Role of Electronic Health Records and Health Information Technology in Addressing Health Disparities 375Irene Dankwa-Mullan, Sherine El-Toukhy, Jessamine Winer-Jones, Nora Haney, Morgan Foreman, Kesi Williams, and Anil Jain23 Precision Medicine and Health Disparities 391Consuelo H. Wilkins, Nancy J. Cox, Sarah C. Stallings, Maria F. Lima, Roy E. Weiss, and Nishadi Rajapakse24 Recruitment, Inclusion, and Diversity in Clinical Trials 413Bernadette Boden-Albala, Salina P. Waddy, Noa Appleton, Heather Kuczynski, Emily Nangle, and Nina S. Parikh25 Sexual and Gender Minority Health Disparities: Concepts, Methods, and Future Directions 429Mark L. Hatzenbuehler and John E. Pachankis26 Workforce Diversity and Capacity Building to Address Health Disparities 445Hannah A. Valantine and Alison F. DavisIndex 455
IRENE DANKWA-MULLAN, MD, MPH, Chief Health Equity Officer, IBM Watson Health, IBM Corporation, and formerly Deputy Director, Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health.ELISEO J. PÉREZ-STABLE, MD, Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health.KEVIN L. GARDNER, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University and formerly Acting Scientific Director, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health.XINZHI ZHANG, MD, PhD, FACE, FRSM, Program Director, Division of Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and formerly Program Director, Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health.ADELAIDA M. ROSARIO, PhD, Commissioned Corps Headquarters, Office of the Surgeon General, and formerly Program Director, Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health.