The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence

ISBN-13: 9780521422147 / Angielski / Miękka / 1992 / 354 str.

Ervin Staub

Opis

How can human beings kill or brutalize multitudes of other human beings? Focusing particularly on genocide, but also on other forms of mass killing, torture, and war, Ervin Staub explores the psychological, cultural, and societal roots of group aggression. He sketches a conceptual framework for the many influences on one group's desire to harm another: cultural and social patterns predisposing to violence, historical circumstances resulting in persistent life problems, and needs and modes of adaptation arising from the interaction of these influences. Such notions as cultural stereotyping and devaluation, societal self-concept, moral exclusion, the need for connection, authority orientation, personal and group goals, "better world" ideologies, justification, and moral equilibrium find a place in his analysis, and he addresses the relevant evidence from the behavioral sciences. Within this conceptual framework, Staub then considers the behavior of perpetrators and bystanders in four historical situations: the Holocaust (his primary example), the genocide of Armenians in Turkey, the "autogenocide" in Cambodia, and the "disappearances" in Argentina. Throughout, he is concerned with the roots of caring and the psychology of heroic helpers. In his concluding chapters, he reflects on the socialization of children at home and in schools, and on the societal practices and processes that facilitate the development of caring persons, and of care and cooperation among groups. A wide audience will find The Roots of Evil thought-provoking reading.

Recenzje

"...methodical and well done...a well-written, scholarly-researched book." George B. Palermo, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology

Spis treści

Preface; Acknowledgments; Part I. Psychological and Cultural Bases of Genocide and Other Forms of Group Violence: 1. An introduction; 2. The origins of genocide and mass killing: core concepts; 3. The psychology of hard times: the effects of difficult life conditions; 4. Cultural and individual characteristics; 5. The psychology of perpetrators: individuals and groups; 6. Steps along a continuum of destruction: perpetrators and bystanders; Part II. The Nazi Holocaust: 7. Hitler comes to power; 8. Preconditions for the Holocaust in German culture; 9. Nazi rule and steps along the continuum of destruction; 10. The SS and the psychology of perpetrators; 11. The behaviour and psychology of bystanders and victims; Part III. Other Genocides and Mass Killings: 12. The Turkish genocide of the Armenians; 13. Cambodia: genocide to create a better world; 14. This disappearances: mass killing in Argentina; 15. Summary and conclusions: the societal and psychological origins of genocide and other atrocities; Part IV. Further Extensions: The Roots of War and the Creation of Caring and Nonaggressive Persons and Societies: 16. The cultural and psychological origins of war; 17. The nature of groups: security, power, justice, and positive connection; 18. The creation and evolution of caring, connection, and nonaggression; Notes; Index.