Nanotechnology has shown great potential in all spheres of life. With the increasing pressure to meet the food demands of rapidly increasing population, thus, novel innovation and research are required in agriculture. The principles of nanotechnology can be implemented to meet the challenges faced by agricultural demands. Major challenges include the loss of nutrients in the soil and nutrient-deficient plants, which result in a lower crop yield and quality. Subsequently, consumption of such crops leads to malnourishment in humans, especially in underprivileged and rural populations.
One convenient approach to tackle nutrient deficiency in plants is via the use of fertilizers; however, this method suffers from lower uptake efficiency in plants. Another approach to combat nutrient deficiency in humans is via the use of supplements and diet modifications; however, these approaches are less affordably viable in economically challenged communities and in rural areas. Therefore, the use of nano-fertilizers to combat this problem holds the greatest potential. Additionally, nanotechnology can be used to meet other challenges in agriculture including enhancing crop yield, protection from insect pests and animals, and by use of nano-pesticides and nano-biosensors to carry out the remediation of polluted soils.
The future use of nanomaterials in soil ecosystems will be influenced by their capability to interact with soil constituents and the route of nanoparticles into the environment includes both natural and anthropogenic sources. The last decade has provided increasing research on the impact and use of nanoparticles in plants, animals, microbes, and soils, and yet these studies often lacked data involving the impact of nanoparticles on biotic and abiotic stress factors. This book provides significant recent research on the use of nano-fertilizers, which can have a major impact on components of an ecosystem. This work should provide a basis to further study these potential key areas in order to achieve sustainable and safe application of nanoparticles in agriculture.
Chapter 1: Global Importance and Cycling of Nanoparticles
Rajput et al.; Southern Federal University, Russia
Chapter 2: Environmental Emissions of Nanoparticles
Aman Bhardwaj and Neetu Sharma; Department of Biotechnology GGDSD College, Sec-32, Chandigarh, India
Chapter 3: Bio- and Geo-Transformation and Bioavailability of Nanoparticles
Tatiana Minkina et al.; Southern Federal University, Russia
Chapter 4: Interaction of Nanoparticles to Soil Pollutants
Karen Ghazaryan & Hasmik S. Movsesvan; Yerevan State University, Armenia
Chapter 5: Impact of Nanoparticles to Soil Systems
Wenjie Ren et al.; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu Province, PR China
Chapter 6: Too Much or Too Little? A Review of the Conundrum of Nanoparticles
Jose Peralta-Videa et al.; University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, United States
Chapter 7: Application and Use of Nanoelements in Combating Plant Nutrition
Virgilio Falco & Rupesh Kumar Singh; Departmento de Quimica Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
Chapter 8: Role of Nanoparticles in Remediation of Contaminated Soils
Ganesh C. Nikalje et al.; Department of Botany, Seva Sadan's R.K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, Mumbai-21003
Chapter 9: Biochemical, Molecular, and Ultrastructural Aspects in Phytoremediation of Nanoparticles Subjected to Unfertilized Soils
Ewa Skwarek, Patryk Oleszczuk, and Izabela Josko; University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Chapter 10: Nanomaterials: A New Approach in Biofortification
Damian C. Onwudiwe et al.; Department of Chemistry, School of Pysical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa
Chapter 11: Applications and Implications of Nano-Fertilizers in Food Industries
Sonu Bhatia and Neetu Sharma; Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Sec-32, Chandigarh, India
Chapter 12: Nanobiosensors Based on Agri-Biomass
Sanjam Chandna and Jayeeta Bhaumik; CIAB Mohali, Punjab, India
Chapter 13: Nanoparticles Uptake and Translocation in Plants: Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Aspects
Quaiser Saquib and Maqsood A. Siddiqui et al.; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Chapter 14: Risks and Concerns of Use of Nanoparticles in Agriculture
Sushil Kumar Upadhyay, Raj Singh, Satish Kumar, Gayatri Vashistha, and Diwakar Aggarwal; Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India; ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Dehli 110012, India
Chapter 15: Mechanism of Nanoparticles Mediated Alleviating Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Agricultural Crops: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Surender Singh Chandel and Bharti Shree; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
Chapter 16: Role of Nanoparticles in Environment, Human, and Animals Under Contaminated Soil
Uzma Kafeel, Urfi Jahan, Fariha Raghib, Mohd Irfan Naikoo, Mohammad Kaifiyan, and Fareed Ahmad Khan; Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
Chapter 17: Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Aspects of Nanoparticles Interaction with Plant Systems
Jayanta K. Biswas et al.; Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235 West Bengal, India
Chapter 18: Nanoparticles and Its Effects on Growth, Yield, and Crop Quality Cultivated Under Polluted Soil
Urfi Jahan, Uzma Kafeel, Fariha Raghib, Mohd Irfan Naikoo, and Fareed Ahmad Khan; Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
Chapter 19: Impact of Nanoparticles on Modulations of Genes and Secondary Metabolites in Plants: An Overview
Gregory Franklin and Sheeba Caroline; Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Randall Division of Cell and Melecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Chapter 20: Interaction of Nanoparticles with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Polluted Soil
Jayanta Kumar Patra et al.; Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
Chapter 21: Interaction of Nanomaterials with Plant Metabolism
Alok Jha; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
Bibliography
Index
Dr. Vishnu D. Rajput is working as an Assoc. Prof. (Leading Researcher) at Sothern Federal University, Russia. His ongoing research is based on soil contaminations, i.e, potentially toxic elements, and metallic nanoparticles, and investigating the bioaccumulation, bio/geo-transformations, uptake, translocation, and toxic effects of metallic nanoparticles on plant physiology, morphology, anatomy, the ultrastructure of cellular and subcellular organelles, cytomorphometric modifications, and DNA damage. Dr. Rajput comprehensively detailed the state of research in plant science in regard to “how nanoparticles/heavy metals interact with plants, affect plant growth to the larger extent. He has published (total of 245 scientific publications) 147 peer-reviewed highly rated full-length articles, 10 books, 44 book chapters (Scopus indexed), and 29 conference articles till, December 2021. He is an internationally recognized reviewer for peer-reviewed internationally reputed journals, reviewed 159 manuscripts. He received “certificate for appreciation 2019 and 2021”, “Certificate of Honor 2020”, Diploma Award 2021, by Southern Federal University, Russia, for outstanding contribution in academic, creative research, and publication activities.
Dr. Krishan K. Verma is the visiting Scientist at Sugarcane Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China. He has 10 years of research experience in the field of biotic and abiotic stresses, i.e., environmental toxicology, plant physiology, and metallic nanoparticles. His research focuses on environmental toxicology, plant physiology and molecular biology, and their impacts on the growth and physiological adaptations of plants to the environment and how they affect the plant structure. He has published more than 54 scientific research articles including 05 books. He has been serving as an editorial board member of various peer-reviewed journals.
Dr. Neetu Sharma is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India for the last ten years. Dr. Sharma is actively involved in teaching courses of microbiology, environmental biotechnology for graduate and postgraduate students. Her current research emphasis is on the biological and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles, their doping for confronting the problems like water disinfection, and their potential antimicrobial properties to embark upon increasing resistance of microbes against available drugs. She has research experience spanning over a period of 15 years and has guided more than 50 dissertations of undergraduate and postgraduate students, and published a number of research and review articles in reputed national and international journals. She is also a life member of the Indian Association of Nuclear Chemists and Allied Scientists (IANCAS), BARC, Mumbai.
Prof. Dr. Tatiana Minkina is the Head of the Soil Science and Land Evaluation Department, Southern Federal University. Her area of scientific interest is soil science, biogeochemistry of trace elements, environmental soil chemistry, soil monitoring, assessment, modeling, and remediation using physicochemical treatment methods. Сurrently, she is handling several projects funded by the Russian Scientific Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and Russian Foundation of Basic Research. Total scientific publications: 957 (total 957, 389 in English); Scopus—289 and WoS—196. She was awarded in 2021 with the Diploma of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for long-term work on the development and improvement of the educational process and significant contribution to the training of highly qualified specialists. She is a Member of the Expert Group of the Russian Academy of Science, the International Committee on Contamination Land, Eurasian Soil Science Societies, the International Committee on Protection of the Environment, and the International Scientific Committee of the International Conferences on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements.
NNanotechnology has shown great potential in all spheres of life. With the increasing pressure to meet the food demands of rapidly increasing population, thus, novel innovation and research are required in agriculture. The principles of nanotechnology can be implemented to meet the challenges faced by agricultural demands. Major challenges include the loss of nutrients in the soil and nutrient-deficient plants, which result in a lower crop yield and quality. Subsequently, consumption of such crops leads to malnourishment in humans, especially in underprivileged and rural populations.
One convenient approach to tackle nutrient deficiency in plants is via the use of fertilizers; however, this method suffers from lower uptake efficiency in plants. Another approach to combat nutrient deficiency in humans is via the use of supplements and diet modifications; however, these approaches are less affordably viable in economically challenged communities and in rural areas. Therefore, the use of nano-fertilizers to combat this problem holds the greatest potential. Additionally, nanotechnology can be used to meet other challenges in agriculture including enhancing crop yield, protection from insect pests and animals, and by use of nano-pesticides and nano-biosensors to carry out the remediation of polluted soils.
The future use of nanomaterials in soil ecosystems will be influenced by their capability to interact with soil constituents and the route of nanoparticles into the environment includes both natural and anthropogenic sources. The last decade has provided increasing research on the impact and use of nanoparticles in plants, animals, microbes, and soils, and yet these studies often lacked data involving the impact of nanoparticles on biotic and abiotic stress factors. This book provides significant recent research on the use of nano-fertilizers, which can have a major impact on components of an ecosystem. This work should provide a basis to further study these potential key areas in order to achieve sustainable and safe application of nanoparticles in agriculture.