The Role of Dust in the Formation of Stars: Proceedings of the Eso Workshop Held at Garching, Germany, 11-14 September 1995

ISBN-13: 9783662225158 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 461 str.

Hans U. Kaufl; Ralf Siebenmorgen

Opis

This ESO workshop, which took place in September 1995 on a topic that at a first glance could be considered rather specialized, attracted an unpre dictably large number of scientists. This certainly reflects the importance of this field, which has lost its seemingly esoteric character, in a wider astro physical context. To give as much room as possible in these proceedings to the targeted talks, no presentation of the Very Large Telescope Observatory has been included. All readers missing such a presentation are reminded that up-to date in-depth information about the VLT status is available electronically.1 Papers were given concerning observations in the entire electromagnetic spectrum from x-rays to mm-waves, i.e., exceeding 22 octaves in frequency. The VLT as any ground-based optical observatory can only address at best 7 octaves. Nevertheless the VLT, most likely the only ground-based observa tory specifically designed to access all these 7 octaves of the electromagnetic spectrum practically in parallel, will undoubtedly be a tool of extreme value to this field."

Spis treści

I Ground-Based Observations of Young Stellar Objects.- High-Angular Resolution Near-Infrared Observations of the Circumstellar Environment of Young Stellar Objects.- Submillimeter Dust Continuum Emission as a Probe of Protostellar Evolution.- Compact Molecular Outflows from Young Stellar Objects in L1641.- Anatomy of a Spatially Resolved Dust Disc Around a B-Type YSO.- Mid-IR PAH Emission in YSOs WL 16 & WL 22.- Mid-IR Imaging of YSOs: the Hydrocarbon Emission Features in WL 16.- Star Formation in the Vela Molecular Clouds: Near IR Images.- Linear and Circular Imaging Polarimetry of the Chamaeleon Infrared Nebula.- Near-IR Speckle Imaging of Luminous Young Stellar Objects.- A Large Dust Shell Observed at 10µm Around V921 Sco.- Dust Emission from Bok Globules.- Density Structure of Protostellar Envelopes.- What Causes the Variability of the PV Cep Nebula?.- 1.3 mm Dust Continuum Observations of Young X-Ray Selected Stars in Ophiuchus.- The Luminosity-mm Flux Correlation of Class I Sources Exciting Outflows.- PAHs as Probes of Photo-Dissociation Regions in M17 and the Orion Bar.- Mid-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of BNKL.- Star Formation in the Northern Region of NGC 6334.- Morphology of the Star Forming Region Associated with HH25–26.- New Millimetre Observations of Pre-stellar Cores.- Young Stellar Objects in L1641: a Submillimeter Continuum Study.- II Observations of Dust Factories.- 3-D Structure of the Bipolar Dust Shell of ? Carinae.- Dust Around Post-AGB Sources with 21 µm Feature.- III Observational Results Based on IRAS, COBE or Balloon Borne Platforms.- HIRES IRAS Images of the Serpens Core.- A Catalogue of Massive Young Stellar Objects: A Description.- The S135 Star Formation Region.- Star Formation in the Cepheus Flare Molecular Clouds.- An Overview of the COBE Infrared Datasets.- Submillimeter Continuum Emission in the Orion A Cloud Observed with PRONAOS.- Catalogue of IRAS Loops in the IInd Galactic Quadrant.- Triggered Core Formation in Nearby Clouds.- Searching for New Young Stars in the IRAS Point Source Catalog.- IV Vega-Type, T-Tauri, ? Bootis and Herbig Ae/Be Stars.- Vega-Type Systems.- Far-Infrared Spatial Observations of Herbig Ae/Be Stars and Low Mass Stars.- ? Boo Stars in the Orion OB1 Association.- Comets as a Source of the Dust in the ß Pictoris Disk.- Magnetic Fields of T Tauri Stars.- Lambda Bootis Stars and ‘Dusty’ A Stars.- Modelling of the IR Intensity Maps for HAEBE Stars with Algol-Like Minima.- Multiwavelength Study of HAEBE Stars with Algol-Like Minima.- Investigating the Circumstellar Morphology of Herbig Ae/Be Stars.- Coronographic Search for Dust Around Main Sequence Stars.- First Results of a Spectropolarimetric Survey of Herbig Ae/Be Candidates.- Forbidden Emission Lines in the Winds of Classical T Tauri Stars.- Composition and Distribution of Dust in the ß-Pictoris Disk.- Observations of Binaries and Envelopes in Herbig Ae/Be Stars.- Dust Shells Around Herbig Ae/Be Stars.- Silicate Dust Around ß-Pic-Like Stars.- V Properties of Dust Around Young Stellar Objects.- Grain Properties in Different Phases of the Interstellar Medium.- A Molecular Conglomerate Model of Small Interstellar Dust.- On the Stability of Dust Aggregates in Collisions.- Dust in the Environment of YSOs.- Dust Opacities for Molecular Cloud Cores and Protoplanetary Accretion Disks.- On the Absence of Diffuse Band Carriers in Opaque Circumstellar Disks.- Dust in Protostellar Cores.- The Composition and Distribution of Dust in Galactic H II Regions.- The Effects of Clumping on Calculated Grain Properties.- Signature of the Dust Composition Towards Herbig-Haro Energy Sources.- The Composition of Interstellar Dust.- The Shape of the Extinction Curve of Opaque Circumstellar Matter.- Modelling of Interstellar Extinction in Single Clouds Using the Method of Regularisation.- VI Ices and Laboratory Studies.- Laboratory Studies of Electric Charging of Dust Particles.- Solid State Infrared Features: a Diagnostic Tool for Chemical Interactions Between Interstellar Gas and Grains.- Infrared Properties of Isolated Water Ice.- Nitrogen-Bearing Organic Molecules in Hot Cores.- UV Irradiation of Small Carbon Grains.- Laboratory Experiments on CO and CO2 Ices.- Formaldehyde and Methanol Dominated Ices Toward GL 2136.- Ice Cocktails in Molecular Cloud Cores.- Optical Constants of Amorphous Carbon Extracted from Recent Laboratory Extinction Measurements.- VII Radiative Transfer.- Radiative Transfer Models of Far-IR from W3 IRS 4 and IRS 5.- Models of Dusty Disks Including Transiently Heated Particles.- Infrared Classification of Young Stellar Objects.- 2D Radiative Transfer Models of the Embedded YSOs HL Tau and L1551 IRS 5: What Is Inside?.- 3D Continuum Radiative Transfer.- VIII Dust as a Catalytic Agent for Star Formation.- Evolution of the Molecular Abundance in Protoplanetary Disks.- Magnetic Fields, Interstellar Dust, UV Radiation and Star Formation.- Ambipolar Diffusion and Interstellar Chemistry.- Simulating Dusty Gas Using SPH.- Role of Dust in Protostar Formation.- The Role of Dust in the Dissipation of Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds.- The Effects of Gas-Grain Interactions on Protostellar Line Profiles.- Chemistry in Molecular Clouds Without and with Dust Coagulation.- IX Miscellaneous.- Optically Thick Main Sequence Evolution for Still Accreting Massive Stars.- Dynamical Aspects of Dust Radiation Interaction Around Young Stars.- The Dust Size Distribution and Grain Shattering in Shock Waves.- Dust Grain Processing: A New Computational Method Applied to a Protostellar Accretion Shock.- Electrical Charging of Dust: A Review.- Dust as a Tool to Study the Neutral Outflows from Luminous YSOs.- The Distribution of CS and NH3 in Star-Forming Regions.- Low Mass Star Formation in Globular Filaments: Evidence from Dust and Molecular Line Emission.- X Concluding Remarks.- Conference Summary.- Author Index.- Source Index.- Index of Molecules.

Blurb

This book, which is published in the early phase of ESA s Infrared Space Observatory mission, provides a comprehensive summary of the knowledge in this field of astronomy. In a series of invited review lectures and numerous contributed papers the role of dust in the formation of stars is described and discussed.
Dust is ubiquitous in star-forming regions, protostars, young stellar objects and stars in various pre-main-sequence stages up to perfectly normal main-sequence stars. Consequently the authors address the topic from rather different viewpoints. Observers describe and analyze signatures of dust in the entire electromagnetic spectrum from the radio to the ultra-violet. Successfull modelling of these signatures with radiative transfer codes is demonstrated for a great variety of sources. Astrophysical laboratory researchers report on studies of synthetic prototype samples of interstellar dust. Other topics covered in this book are dust processing, dust agglomeration, dust coupling to the magnetic field or dust electric charging. Moreover, the reader will learn about dust chemical composition, gas-phase chemistry and photo-chemistry. From a mostly theoretical viewpoint the role of dust as a catalytic agent for star formation is described in great detail.