The Purge of Dutch Quislings: Emergency Justice in the Netherlands

ISBN-13: 9789401187046 / Angielski / Miękka / 1952 / 199 str.

Henry L. Mason; Henry L. Mason

Opis

This study is based on research which I conducted in the Netherlands in 1948 and 1949. In addition, I was able to rely on experiences and impressions of the 1944-1946 period, when I was stationed in the Low Countries as a United States Army Military Intelligence Officer. In my description of Dutch purge measures I have attempte to be as unbiased a judge as possible; whenever I was unable to arrive at a definite conclusion I con tented myself with describing the opposing points of view. I am quite aware that this attitude of "neutrality" may be criticized, not only by many ex-Resistance men who have become dis gusted with the alleged softness of the purge, but also by many others who appear equally dismayed about its severity. For purposes of comparison, readers who are familiar with action against collaborators in other countries - such as France, Italy, or the Balkans - may note that the Dutch purge was not dominated by considerations of party politics. All Dutchme- employers and workers, Protestants and Catholics, Conservatives and Socialists - had been united in their resistance against the enemy. Consequently, disagreements about purge measures did not follow class, religious, or party lines. The few Dutch Commu nists had never been able to dominate the Resistance; neither were they able to exploit the purge for their purposes. Thus, in Holland problems of collaboration and purge could be studied in their purest form, without consideration of other factors."

Spis treści

I. The Pattern of Collaboration.- The Spirit of June 1940.- Political Collaboration: The Dutch National Socialist Party (N.S.B.).- Military Collaboration.- Economic Collaboration.- Collaboration by Civil Servants.- II. The Mass Arrests of Collaborators after the Liberation.- Reasons for the Mass Arrests.- Categories of Collaborators Affected by the Mass Arrests.- Agencies Performing the Arrests.- The Internment Camps for Collaborators.- Rules for Pre-Trial Release of Arrested Collaborators.- A By-Product of the Mass Arrests: Looting and Confiscation.- III. Judicial Action Against Collaborators.- The Special Courts and the Special Court of Cassation.- The Tribunals.- The System of Out-Of-Court-Settlement.- IV. The Occupational Purge Boards.- The Concept of Zuivering.- The Purge of Government Employees.- The Purge of Judges.- Purge Boards for Economic Collaboration.- Purge Boards for the Press.- Purge Boards for Artists.- Purge Boards for University Students.- Occupational Purge Boards: General Criticism.- V. Reactions to the Purge.- Legal Aspects.- General Criticism.- VI. Re-Education and Return into Society.- Re-Education in Internment Camps.- Return Into Society.- VII. The Outlook for the Future.- Notes and Bibliographical References.