Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 Legislative Earmarks and Other Evidence; Chapter 3 Descriptions of Earmark Programs; Chapter 4 Distributive Theory and Committee Membership; Chapter 5 Earmarks and the Benefit Hypothesis; Chapter 6 Universalism and Reciprocity; Chapter 7 Distributive Theory and the Electoral Connection; Chapter 8 Distributive Politics and Deficits; Chapter 9 Conclusion; References Index;