1. Introduction: Writing is Different from Tribe to Tribe: Cultural and Historical Contexts 2. The Old Lady Trill, the Victory Yell: Why Feminist Theory Does Not Apply to Native American Literature 3. We Must Be Masters of Our Circumstances: Rhetorical Sovereignty in the Life and Works of Zitkala-Sa 4. The Men in the Bar Feared Her: The Power of Ayah in Leslie Marmon Silko's Lullaby 5. Women Are Strong, Strong, Terribly Strong: Female Intellectual Sovereignty in the Works of Louise Erdrich 6. 'I'm Talking Like a [. . .] Twenty-First-Century Woman': Contemporary Female Warriors in the Works of Sherman Alexie 7. Conclusion: Indian Women Were and Are Powerful: Intellectual Sovereignty, and the Strength of Female Warriors