The Nuclear Equation of State: Part A: Discovery of Nuclear Shock Waves and the EOS

ISBN-13: 9781461278771 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 802 str.

Walter Greiner; Horst Stocker

Opis

The NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Nuclear Equatioo of State was held at Peiiiscola Spain from May 22- June 3, 1989. The school was devoted to the advances, theoretical and experimental, made during the past fifteen years in the physics of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, such as high compression and high temperature. Moie than 300 people had applied for participatio- this demonstrates the tremendous interest in the various subjects presented at the school. Indeed, the topic of this school, namely the Nuclear Equatioo of State, - plays the central role in high energy heavy ion collisions; - contains the intriguing possibilities of various phase transitions (gas - vapor, meson condensation, quark - gluon plasma); - plays an important role in the static and dynamical behavior of stars, especially in supernova explosions and in neutron star stability. The investigation on the nuclear equation of state can only be accomplished in the laboratory by compressing and heating up nuclear matter and the only mechanism known to date to achieve this goal is through shock compression and -heating in violent high energy heavy ion collisions. This key mechanism has been proposed and highly disputed in of high energy heavy ion physics, the early 70's. It plays a central role in the whole field and particularly in our discussions during the two weeks at Peiiiscola.

Spis treści

Opening Remarks.- Experimental Observation Of Collective Flow And Particle Production In High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions.- Collective Flow Measured with the Plastic Ball.- Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions Studied with the Streamer Chamber at the BEVALAC.- Fragment Flow and Squeeze-Out of Hot Dense Nuclear Matter.- Stopping Power and the Equation of State at Intermediate Energy.- Collective Flow Measurements in Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions.- 4? Fragment Measurements at MSU and the Nuclear Equation of State.- Collective Flow of Charged Fragments and Neutrons from Bevalac Experiment 848H.- Pion and Proton Emission in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions.- Hard Photons and Subthreshold Mesons from Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions.- Hard Photons from Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions.- Production of Lepton Pairs at the LBL Bevalac.- Intermediate Mass Fragment Emission in the Reacitons Nb+Au and Fe+Au at 50 to 100 MeV/A.- The HISS TPC.- THEORETICAL MODELS FOR COMPRESSION PHENOMENA AND PARTICLE PRODUCTION.- The Equations of State and Viscocity in the Hydrodynamic Model.- Transport Theory, Viscosity, and Kaon Production.- Study of Observables from Heavy Ion Data using VUU and QMD Calculations.- Medium Effects and Nuclear Transport Theory.- Many Body Modes of Excitation in Heavy Ion Collisions.- How to Extract the Nuclear Equation of State from Heavy Ion Data.- Transverse Momentum Generation and Dilepton Emission in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions.- Relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck Model for High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions.- The relativistic BUU Approach - Analysis of Retardation Effects and Thermal Properties.- High Energy Photons and Pions in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Reactions.- Photon and Pion Production in Heavy Ion Collisions.- Dilepton Production in Heavy Ion Collisions.- On the Derivation of the Quantum Molecular Dynamics Approach.- Fermionic Molecular Dynamics.- Mean Field and Collisions in Hot Nuclei.- Nuclear Multifragmentation and the Equation of State.- Medium Energy Collisions and Multifragmentation.- DISTINGUISHED LECTURES ON: THE HISTORY AND FUTURE OF NUCLEAR SHOCK WAVES.- Introductory Remarks to the lectures of E. Schopper and A.M. Poskanzer.- Early History of Shock Waves in Heavy Ion Collisions.- A History of Central Collisions at the Bevalac.- The SIS/ES R-Project at GSI-Present and Future.- High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions and the RHIC project at Brookhaven.- HIGH T SUPERCONDUCTIVITY.- Adaptation of the Theory of Superconductivity to the Behavior of Oxides.- SPECIAL TOPICS.- High Pressure Equation of State in Various Areas of Physics - Overview.- Scale Transformations, the Energy-Momentum Tensor, and the Equation of State.- Density Functional Theory at Finite Temperatures.- The Collective Spin of Nuclear Surface Vibrations.- Review of the Current Status of Cold Fusion.- Coulomb Assisted Cold Fusion.- Cold Confusion.- COMPRESSIBILITY OF NUCLEAR MATTER AND FINITE NUCLEI.- The Nuclear Matter Saturation Problem.- Variational Theory of Nuclear and Neutron Matter.- Exploring Many-Body Theories in Light Nuclei.- Spectral Functions and the Momentum Distribution of Nuclear Matter.- Meson and Quark Degrees of Freedom in Nuclear Matter and Finite Nuclei.- The Relativistic Mean-Field Model of Nuclear Structure and Dynamics.- The Giant Monopole Resonance and the Compressibility of Nuclear Matter.- The Nuclear Matter Compressibility from Breathing Mode: A Semi-Phenomenological Approach.- Nuclear Compression Modulus from Monopole Data.- THE NUCLEAR EQUATION OF STATE IN SUPERNOVAE AND NEUTRON STARS.- Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State from Type II Supernovae and Newly Born Neutron Stars.- The Hadronic Equation of State and Supernovae.- Supernovae and Stellar Collapse.- Neutron Stars, Fast Pulsars, Supernovae, and the Equation of State of Dense Matter.- Constraints on the Equation of State for Neutron Stars from Fast Rotating Pulsars.- Neutron Star Calculations in the Relativistic Hartree and Hartree-Fock Approximation.- The Equation of State and Properties of Neutron Stars.

O autorze

Prof. Dr. Horst Stöcker studierte in Frankfurt am Main Physik, Mathematik, Chemie und Philosophie. Nach der Promotion 1979 war er als Gastwissenschaftler an verschiedenen renommierten Instituten tätig, bevor er 1985 eine Professur für Theoretische Physik an der an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main erhielt.
Schwerpunkte seiner Forschung sind die Schwerionenphysik, die Physik der Kernmaterie und Elementarteilchen sowie die Vielteilchentheorie. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h. c. mult. Walter Greiner, geb. Oktober 1935 im Thüringer Wald, Promotion 1961 in Freiburg im Breisgau, 1962-64 Assistent Professor an der University of Maryland, seit 1964/65 ordentlicher Professor für Theoretische Physik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main und Direktor des Instituts für Theoretische Physik. Gastprofessuren unter anderem an der Florida State University, University of Virginia, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Yale University, Vanderbilt University, University of Arizona. Hauptarbeitsgebiete sind die Struktur und Dynamik der elementaren Materie (Quarks, Gluonen, Mesonen, Baryonen, Atomkerne), Schwerionenphysik, Feldtheorie (Quantenelektrodynamik, Eichtheorie der schwachen Wechselwirkung, Quantenchromodynamik, Theorie der Gravitation), Atomphysik.
974 Empfänger des Max-Born-Preises und der Max-Born-Medaille des Institute of Physics (London) und der Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, 1982 des Otto-Hahn-Preises der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, 1998 der Alexander von Humboldt-Medaille, 1999 Officier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Academiques.
Inhaber zahlreicher Ehrendoktorwürden (unter anderem der University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, der Universite Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, der UNAM Mexico, der Universitäten Bucharest, Tel Aviv, Nantes, St. Petersburg, Moskau, Debrecen, Dubna und anderen) sowie Ehrenprofessuren (University of Bejing, China, und Jilin University Changchun, China) und Ehrenmitglied vieler Akademien.