The Measurement of Intelligence

ISBN-13: 9789401161312 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 488 str.

Hans J. Eysenck

Opis

This book deals with one aspect of the modern, proof, and the deductions to which they give rise, and scientific study of intelligence, namely its measurement. the social aspect, which is concerned with the "good" or The term, measurement, has difficulties attached to it "evil" consequences which follow from the scientific which rival those attached to the term, intelligence; discovery or invention. Thus IQ testing would appear to many psychologists have little idea of what the word many people to give rise to desirable and "good" conse- means, and what are the requirements which must be quences when it enables us to pick out bright "dis- fulfilled in order to enable "measurement" to take advantaged" children for higher educational and place. Krantz, Luce, Suppes and Tversky (1971) have university training who would otherwise not have been tried to provide us with an introduction to the "Founda- educated up to the level of their ability. On the other tions of Measurement"; these two volumes outline the hand, IQ testing would appear to many people to give background against which attempts to measure intelli- rise to undesirable and "bad" consequences when it gence must be evaluated. * No short excerpt or set of enables trade unions to exclude coloured workers by the readings could suffice to bring home to the "innum- imposition of unrealistic and irrelevant intellectual erate" reader the implications of scientific measurement, requirements for membership.

Spis treści

I History and Definition of the Concept.- The Evidence for the Concept of Intelligence.- On Defining Intelligence.- II Measurement and the Problem of Units.- The Absolute Zero in Intelligence Testing.- Is Intelligence Distributed Normally?.- III Development and Constancy of the IQ.- The Effect of the Interval between Test and Retest on the Constancy of the IQ.- The Limitations of Infant and Preschool Tests in the Measurement of Intelligence.- Intellectual Status and Intellectual Growth.- IV Types of Intelligence.- Primary Mental Abilities.- Organization of Abilities and the Development of Intelligence.- A Culture-Free Intelligence Test.- Ability Factors and Environmental Influences.- Personality and Measurement of Intelligence.- V Analysis of IQ Performance.- Intelligence Assessment: a Theoretical and Experimental Approach.- Intellectual Abilities and Problem-Solving Behaviour.- The Speed and Accuracy Characteristics of Neurotics.- Individual Differences in Speed, Accuracy, and Persistence: a Mathematical Model for Problem Solving.- VI Heredity and Environment: I. Twin and Familial Studies.- Genetics and Intelligence: a Review.- Twins: Early Mental Development.- IQs of Identical Twins Reared Apart.- VII Heredity and Environment: II. Foster and Orphanage Children.- A Critical Examination of the University of Iowa Studies of Environmental Influences upon the IQ.- The Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture upon Mental Development: a Comparative Study of Foster Parent-Foster Child Resemblance and True Parent-True Child Resemblance.- VIII Intelligence and Social Class.- Intelligence and Social Mobility.- Achievement and Social Mobility: Relationships among IQ Score, Education, and Occupation in Two Generations.- Differential Fertility and Intelligence: Current Status of the Problem.- Does Intelligence cause Achievement? A Cross-Legged Panel Analysis.- Ability and Income.- IX The Biological Basis of Intelligence.- Evoked Cortical Potentials and Measurement of Human Abilities.- Effects of Glutamic Acid on the Learning Ability of Bright and Dull Rats.- Effects of Heredity and Environment on Brain Chemistry, Brain Anatomy and Learning Ability in the Rat.- X The Paradigm and Its Critics.

O autorze

Hans J. Eysenck, geb. in Berlin, ist wohl der am meisten bekannte Psychologe des 20. Jahrhunderts mit rund 90 Büchern und fast 1000 Fachartikeln. Weltbekannt (und bis heute grundlegend) wurden seine Studien zur Persönlichkeitsforschung, die häufig zu Test- und Fragebogenverfahren eingesetzt werden. Der Autor war Direktor des Psychiatrischen Instituts der University of London. Er verstarb 1997.