Introduction: making liturgy; Part I. A Troper: 1. Recording music in the tenth century; 2. The historical import of a 'troper'; Part II. A Ritual Handbook: 3. The contested identity of Vienna, ÖNB, Cod. 1888; 4. Intermingled song; Part III. Episcopal Liturgy: 5. Itinerant ritual; 6. The nascent 'pontifical'; Part IV. The Romano-German Pontifical: 7. The PRG in Mainz; Conclusion: disentangling liturgy; Bibliography; Index.