The Machines of Leonardo Da Vinci and Franz Reuleaux: Kinematics of Machines from the Renaissance to the 20th Century

ISBN-13: 9781402055980 / Angielski / Twarda / 2007 / 419 str.

Francis C. Moon

Opis

Ah the Machine; both coveted and criticized, life sustaining and life destr- ing yet always a symbol of human creativity and invention from the Rena- sance to robotics from the Wright brothers to the Wankel engine. There are more than a billion mechanical machines in our world of six billion humans. These machines are the source of both marvel and mayhem in the life of our planet. This book is about the evolution of these machines and the inv- tors and engineers who created them from the early Renaissance to the early 20th century. I have chosen two personalities who are icons of these two machine ages, Leonardo da Vinci 1452 1519] and Franz Reuleaux 1829 1905], recognizing both the cadre of machine designers who in?uenced them as well as those who were in?uenced by the accomplishments of these two engineers. A major thesis of this book is that the evolution of machine design methodology, from the intuitive methods of the workshop to the math-based, engineering science analysis and synthesis of modern industrial design, was of equal achievement as the creation of the marvelous machines themselves. In the past two decades there has been increasing interest in rational me- ods of design from topology and optimization theories to genetic algorithms. In the teaching of design at the novitiate level, the importance of design - cles and iteration is emphasized. Yet often the historical background for e- lution of machine design is minimal or missing."

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"The book has ... a brief introduction to Da Vinci and Reuleaux and their respective codification approaches, an extensive and accessible evaluation of machine designs and design methods as represented in 20 centuries of design manuals and 'theater of machines' books, a brief illustrated reference section on kinematic mechanism components, and an annotated bibliography of historic sources. The book can be used as either a reference or a course resource ... . Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty." (G. E. Herrick, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (5), January, 2008)

"This book ... focuses on two towering figures in the design of kinematic machines which are separated by some 300 years in history, Leonardo da Vinci and Franz Reuleaux. ... The compilation of the material is of course coloured by personal preferences but it is these preferences but it is these preferences which renders the book a highly interesting one. Many figures from the sources as well as photos of model mechanisms make the book a truly unique one." (Thomas Sonar, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1139 (17), 2008)

"This is an interesting book, rich in information. ... At the end, just after Moon's detailed comparison of mechanisms as portrayed and described by Leonardo and Reuleaux, the book includes a dozen plates of Cornell's Reuleaux models. The main bibliography is very impressive ... . Moon hopes that engineering students ... will find stimulation in this book and gain a renewed respect for simple mechanisms and their role in design, and to help them he has included student exercises ... ." (Alexander G. Keller, Technology and Culture, Vol. 50, April, 2009)

Spis treści

Preface Acknowledgments Part 1: Leonardo da Vinci and Franz Reuleaux: Machine Engineers: Introduction; Modem Applications of Kinematics: Leonardo in your Toothbrush: Kinematic Mechanisms in Daily Life; Deconstructing the Machine: Constructive Elements of Design Leonardo, ‘Ingenieur Ordinaire’; Franz Reuleaux ‘Father of Kinematics of Machines’; Influence of Leonardo on 19th C. Theory of Machines; Kinematics of Machines: The Geometry of Motion; Visual and Topological Thinking: Reuleaux’s Language of Invention; Part 2: The Evolution of Machines :Evolution of Machines in Ancient Times; Visual Kinematic Perception of Mechanisms Ancient Greek and Roman Machines; Machines in the Bible; Roger Bacon on Marvelous Machines; Scientific and Technical Milieu in the Renaissance Machine Age; Artist-Engineers of the Early Renaissance; Francesco di Giorgio Martini: The Leonardo of Siena; Theatre of Machines Books; Mathematics and the Design of Machines; Imitation or Invention of Machines; The Machine in Art; Art, Engineering and Science; Concepts of Design and Invention by Leonardo and Reuleaux ; Inventors and Engineering Scientists in the 19th Century; The Machine Age in 19th C. Berlin ; Lost Knowledge from the Age of Machines and Mathematical Kinematics; Curves of constant width; Straight-line Mechanisms; Rotary Engines; Prime Mover Machines: Thermodynamics, Kinematics and Materials; Flying Machines; Kinematics of Animal and Human Motion; Leonardo and Reuleaux: A Summary; Part 3: A Comparison of Machines of Leonardo and Reuleaux : Leonardo’ s ‘Elementi Macchinali’ and Reuleaux’ s ‘Constructive Elements’ A Comparison of Leonardo’ s Drawings of Mechanisms and Reuleaux’ s Kinematic Models; The Four-bar Linkage; The Slider-Crank Mechanism; The Endless Screw or Worm Drive; Belt Drive Mechanism; The Ratchet and Pawl; The Verge Escapement; CamMechanisms; Toothed Wheels and Gears; Water Wheels and Pumps; Reversing or Mangle Mechanism; Friction Wheels; Flywheels and Balance Wheels; The Screw Jack; Coupling Mechanisms; Lazy Tongs Mechanism; Pulleys ; Ball Bearing; Bearing Supports; Wedges and Keys; Springs; Brakes; Part 4:Cited References; Books on the Life of Leonardo da Vinci and as Machine Engineer; Books on the History of Machines in the Industrial Age; Books on the History of the Renaissance in Europe; Books and Articles on Franz Reuleaux and Kinematics Theory of Machines; Books and Articles on Kinematics of Animal and Human Motion; Appendices:I. Summary of ‘Theatre of Machines’ Books : A From Vitruvius (c.27 BC) to Diderot (1751): Vitruvius (c. 27 BC); Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari (1204); Villard de Honnecourt (c. 1225); Mariano Taccola (1382-1460); F. di Giorgio (1439-1501); Vannoccio Biringucci (1550); Georgius Agricola (1494-1555); Jacque Besson (1540-1576); Agostino Ramelli (1530-1590); Vittorio Zonca (1568-1602); Solomon de Caus (1576-1630); Zeising (1612); Jacob de Strada (1617); G.A. Bockler (1662) ; Jacob Leupold (1724) Denis Diderot (1751).

O autorze

Francis C. Moon is a Chaired Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. He is an elected member of the US National Academy of Engineers. He is also a Fellow of ASME. Moon is Curator of the Reuleaux Collection of Kinematic Models at Cornell University. He has authored five published books with John Wiley including two popular books on chaotic dynamics; Chaotic Vibrations (1987, 2004), Chaotic and Fractal Dynamics and a textbook Applied Dynamics (1998) His research specialty includes dynamics of machines and structures as well as magneto-mechanical devices. He has lectured recently in ‘Introduction to Robotics’ for seniors and ‘Applied Dynamics’ for graduate students. He was the recipient of a Humboldt Prize award in 1988 and 2001. In 2001 he was a visiting scholar at the Archiv of the Deutsches Museum where he studied the papers of Franz Reuleaux. Moon is a member of the commission on the History of Machines and Mechanisms (HMM) of the International Federation for the Theory af Machines and Mechanisms. (IFToMM) He has published over 140 research papers and holds five patents. He was the Director of the School of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering at Cornell University from 1987-1992.
Moon is one of the creators of the history of mechanisms website; KMODDL: Kinematic Modelsfor Design, Digital Library [http://kmoddl.library.cornell.edu]