The Kepler Conjecture: The Hales-Ferguson Proof

ISBN-13: 9781461411284 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 456 str.

Thomas C. Hales; Samuel P. Ferguson

Opis

The Kepler conjecture, one of geometry's oldest unsolved problems, was formulated in 1611 by Johannes Kepler and mentioned by Hilbert in his famous 1900 problem list. The Kepler conjecture states that the densest packing of three-dimensional Euclidean space by equal spheres is attained by the cannonball" packing. In a landmark result, this was proved by Thomas C. Hales and Samuel P. Ferguson, using an analytic argument completed with extensive use of computers.This book centers around six papers, presenting the detailed proof of the Kepler conjecture given by Hales and Ferguson, published in 2006 in a special issue of Discrete & Computational Geometry. Further supporting material is also presented: a follow-up paper of Hales et al (2010) revising the proof, and describing progress towards a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture. For historical reasons, this book also includes two early papers of Hales that indicate his original approach to the conjecture.The editor's two introductory chapters situate the conjecture in a broader historical and mathematical context. These chapters provide a valuable perspective and are a key feature of this work.Thomas C. Hales, Mellon Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pittsburgh, began his efforts to solve the Kepler conjecture before 1992. He is a pioneer in the use of computer proof techniques, and he continues work on a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture as the aim of the Flyspeck Project (F, P and K standing for Formal Proof of Kepler).Samuel P. Ferguson completed his doctorate in 1997 under the direction of Hales at the University of Michigan. In 1995, Ferguson began to work with Hales and made significant contributions to the proof of the Kepler conjecture. His doctoral work established one crucial case of the proof, which appeared as a singly authored paper in the detailed proof.Jeffrey C. Lagarias, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was a co-guest editor, with Gabor Fejes-Toth, of the special issue of Discrete & Computational Geometry that originally published the proof."

The Kepler Conjecture was one of geometry s oldest unsolved problems. Formulated in 1611 by Johannes Kepler, the Conjecture states that the densest packing of a three-dimensional Euclidean space by equal spheres is attained by "cannonball" packing. The Conjecture was finally proven in 1998 with the use of computers by Thomas Hales, with help from Samuel P. Ferguson. This book is a landmark publication that bridges computer techniques with human effort in one of the earliest proofs by "exhaustion."§The book is an expanded version of six papers published in a special issue of the field's foremost journal, Discrete & Computational Geometry. It also includes the original papers, which detail the proof and give a historical overview of the Conjecture. There are three additional appendices by Hales that outline extensive revisions to the proof and describe his original approach to the problem. Two new introductory chapters by the editor situate the Conjecture in a broader historical and mathematical context and a generalization of the Conjecture to more than three dimensions.

Spis treści

Preface.- Part I, Introduction and Survey.- 1 The Kepler Conjecture and Its Proof, by J. C. Lagarias.- 2 Bounds for Local Density of Sphere Packings and the Kepler Conjecture, by J. C. Lagarias.- Part II, Proof of the Kepler Conjecture.- Guest Editor's Foreword.- 3 Historical Overview of the Kepler Conjecture, by T. C. Hales.- 4 A Formulation of the Kepler Conjecture, by T. C. Hales and S. P. Ferguson.- 5 Sphere Packings III. Extremal Cases, by T. C. Hales.- 6 Sphere Packings IV. Detailed Bounds, by T. C. Hales.- 7 Sphere Packings V. Pentahedral Prisms, by S. P. Ferguson.- 8 Sphere Packings VI. Tame Graphs and Linear Programs, by T. C. Hales.- Part III, A Revision to the Proof of the Kepler Conjecture.- 9 A Revision of the Proof of the Kepler Conjecture, by T. C. Hales, J. Harrison, S. McLaughlin, T. Nipkow, S. Obua, and R. Zumkeller.- Part IV, Initial Papers of the Hales Program.- 10 Sphere Packings I, by T. C. Hales.- 11 Sphere Packings II, by T. C. Hales.- Index of Symbols.- Index of Subjects.

O autorze

Thomas C. Hales, Mellon Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pittsburgh, began his efforts to solve the Kepler Conjecture before 1992. He is a pioneer in the use of computer proof techniques, and he continues work on a formal proof of the Kepler Conjecture as the aim of the Flyspeck Project (F, P and K standing for Formal Proof of Kepler).

Samuel P. Ferguson completed his doctorate in 1997 under the direction of Hales at the University of Michigan. In 1995, Ferguson began to work with Hales and made significant contributions to the proof of the Kepler Conjecture. His doctoral work established one crucial case of the proof, which appeared as a singly authored paper in the detailed proof.

Jeffrey C. Lagarias, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was a co-guest editor, with Gábor Fejes-Tóth, of the special issue of Discrete & Computational Geometry that originally published the proof.

Blurb

The Kepler conjecture, one of geometry's oldest unsolved problems, was formulated in 1611 by Johannes Kepler and mentioned by Hilbert in his famous 1900 problem list. The Kepler conjecture states that the densest packing of three-dimensional Euclidean space by equal spheres is attained by the “cannonball" packing. In a landmark result, this was proved by Thomas C. Hales and Samuel P. Ferguson, using an analytic argument completed with extensive use of computers.

This book centers around six papers, presenting the detailed proof of the Kepler conjecture given by Hales and Ferguson, published in 2006 in a special issue of Discrete & Computational Geometry. Further supporting material is also presented: a follow-up paper of Hales et al (2010) revising the proof, and describing progress towards a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture. For historical reasons, this book also includes two early papers of Hales that indicate his original approach to the conjecture.

The editor's two introductory chapters situate the conjecture in a broader historical and mathematical context. These chapters provide a valuable perspective and are a key feature of this work.

Thomas C. Hales, Mellon Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pittsburgh, began his efforts to solve the Kepler conjecture before 1992. He is a pioneer in the use of computer proof techniques, and he continues work on a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture as the aim of the Flyspeck Project (F, P and K standing for Formal Proof of Kepler).

Samuel P. Ferguson completed his doctorate in 1997 under the direction of Hales at the University of Michigan. In 1995, Ferguson began to work with Hales and made significant contributions to the proof of the Kepler conjecture. His doctoral work established one crucial case of the proof, which appeared as a singly authored paper in the detailed proof.

Jeffrey C. Lagarias, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was a co-guest editor, with Gábor Fejes-Tóth, of the special issue of Discrete & Computational Geometry that originally published the proof.