The Hybrid Governance of Urban Food Movements

ISBN-13: 9783031058301 / Angielski / Miękka / 2023

Alessandra Manganelli

Opis

Undertaking a journey into the “hybrid governance” of urban food movements, this book offers an original and nuanced analysis of the urban milieu as epicentre of food activism and food governance. Through examples of food movements in the city-regions of Toronto and Brussels, the author highlights the critical governance tensions urban food initiatives experience as they develop in diverse ways and seek to change food systems and their related socio-political conditions. The author investigates urban food movements as they negotiate access to land in urban areas, build resilient food network organisations, and develop supportive policies and empowering institutions for urban food governance. Through the analysis of these tensions, the book effectively puts real-life challenges of urban food movements in the spotlight—challenges that are increasingly visible and pertinent in today’s converging climate, socio-political, and health crises. The author offers suggestions to improve alternative food practices and, ultimately, to design promising pathways to instigate food system change. 

Spis treści

Contents

 

Table of Contents

List of abbreviations

Boxes

List of Figures

List of Tables

Foreword

Acknowledgments

 

 

1. Urban Food Movements. At the Outset of a Journey

1.1 A personal and collective journey

1.2 Empirical research and methods

1.3 Introducing Toronto’s and Brussels´ food movements

1.3.1 An overview of the Toronto food movement

1.3.2 An overview of the Brussels food movement

1.3.3 The two food movements and the Covid-19 outbreak

1.4 Positionality, challenges and limits of the research

1.5 Organisation of the book

References

 

 

2. Characterising Urban Food Movements

2.1 Problems in food systems

2.1.1 Power and democracy

2.1.2 Food security and health

2.1.3 Social and racial justice

2.1.4 Ecology and climate

2.2 Mobilising alternatives

2.2.1 Food sovereignty

2.2.2 Food democracy

2.2.3 Food justice

2.3 The rise of the contemporary urban food movement

2.4 Reconnecting cities with food production: the land question

2.5 From food production to the food system challenge

2.6 Mobilising organisations and policy networks for urban food system change

2.6.1 Food Policy Councils (FPCs)

2.6.2 Urban-Regional Food Strategies

2.6.3 Trans-local Food Policy Networks

2.7 On the relevance of governance

References

 

 

3. Hybrid Governance and its Tensions in Urban Food Movements

3.1 Characterising hybrid governance

3.2 Defining hybrid governance in urban food movements

3.3 Institutions and organisations in urban food movements

3.4 Elucidating three types of governance tensions

3.4.1 Resource governance tensions

3.4.2 Organisational governance tensions

3.4.3 Institutional governance tensions

3.5 Governance tensions and the urban food debate

3.5.1 The politics of land-resource access for urban agriculture

3.5.2 Dynamics of growth in urban food movements

3.5.3 Urban food governance and planning

3.6 Outcomes of governance tensions and reflexivity in urban food movements

3.6.1 Towards a Commons governance of land resources

3.6.2 Building reflexive and resourceful food movement organisations

3.6.3 Shaping reflexive multi-scalar institutions for the urban food governance

3.7 Conclusions

References

 

 

4. Tensions in the Governance of Land Resources in Toronto and Brussels

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Mobilisation for access to land: stories of Toronto’s CEED Gardens and Brussels´ BBP coalition

4.2.1 Empowering communities through food: the origins of the CEED Gardens project

4.2.2 Coping with land-resource governance tensions in the CEED Gardens

4.2.3 Enhancing small-scale agro-ecological agriculture: the genesis of the BBP coalition

4.2.4 Dealing with land-resource governance tensions through the BBP coalition

4.3 Organisational and institutional responses to the land-resource question in Toronto and Brussels

4.3.1 Organisational and institutional dynamics of land access in Toronto

4.3.2 Organisational and institutional responses to the (hinter)land question in Brussels

4.4 Discussions and conclusions

References

 

 

5. Organisational Governance Tensions of Food Movement Initiatives in Toronto and Brussels

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Governance tensions at the genesis of two food movement organisations

5.2.1 Organisational tensions at the origins of FoodShare´s GFB

5.2.2 Organisational tensions at the birth of Brussels´ GASAP

5.3 The two food movement organisations in their intermediate stages

5.3.1 Tensions during the central years (1998–2017) of FoodShare´s GFB

5.3.2 Interaction between forms of tension in the GASAP during its intermediate stage (2012–2016)

5.4 The two food movement organisations today

5.4.1 New sources of tension and reflexivity in GFB´s latest stage (from 2017 to present-day)

5.4.2 Governance tensions and reflexivity in GASAP´s latest stage (from 2017 to present-day)

5.5 Discussions and conclusions

References

 

 

6. Institutional Governance Tensions of Food Movements in Toronto and Brussels

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Institutional governance tensions in the early days of the two food movements

6.2.1 At the genesis of Toronto’s food movement

6.2.2 At the origins of Brussels´ food movement

6.3 Food movements coping with institutional governance tensions during their intermediate stages

6.3.1 An enlarged Toronto: threats and opportunities of the amalgamated City

6.3.2 From a Food Charter to a Food Strategy for Toronto

6.3.3 Pushing the strategy to the “next level”: amplifying a food system approach

6.3.4 The prelude to Brussels’ Food Strategy

6.3.5 Transitioning Brussels´ food system through the GoodFood Strategy

6.3.6 The set-up of a food council for Brussels

6.4 Revived sources of tension in the two food movements’ recent years

6.4.1 Coping with a new reality of crisis and disruptions in Toronto

6.4.2 The end of the Toronto Food Policy Council?

6.4.3 A new framing for the Toronto Food Strategy

6.4.4 Brussels´ GoodFood 2.0: a Food Strategy for the future

6.4.5 “De-siloing” the BCR´s institutional action on food

6.5 Discussions and conclusions

References

 

 

7. Epilogue: Urban Food Movements and Governance Tensions in Times of Crisis

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Cross-cutting contributions of the book and ways forward

7.3 Reflecting on land-resource governance tensions

7.4 Values, reflexivity, and cooperative praxis in food movement organisations

7.5 Bottom-linked institutions and the enablement of food democracy

7.6 (Rethinking) governance tensions in times of crisis

7.6.1 Towards multi-dimensional food justice

7.6.2 Looking ahead

References

O autorze

Dr Alessandra Manganelli is an urban scholar with a background in urban planning and governance. Through her research on the hybrid governance of food movements (KULeuven, VUB) she has gained particular interest and expertise in urban food system governance and planning. Among other positions, she has been a consultant for the Committee of the Regions of the European Farm to Fork Strategy (Brussels). She currently works as a senior research associate in the Research Training School “Urban Future-Making” (HafenCity University, Hamburg), funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Besides urban food governance, she deals with research related to experimental governance, socio-ecological justice, urban planning, and sustainability transitions.