The Greater Omentum: Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Surgery with an Historical Survey

ISBN-13: 9783662023761 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 372 str.

D. Liebermann-Meffert; H. White; E. Vaubel

Opis

Since RUTHERFORD MORISON left us with the concept of the Omentum being the 'abdominal policeman', clinicians have tacitly assumed that they know sufficient about the structure and function of this organ. However interest in the omentum and its relationship to clinical surgery has recently been develop ing. This book examines all aspects with special reference to surgery and should provide a welcome impetus in research and clinical practice. The editors and contributors have produced a book which is comprehensive and well illustrated and contains detailed refer ences to the important original sources - so essential in a work of this nature. It is written for those who wish to share the delight of acquiring knowledge - even about a comparatively humble organ - as well as for practical surgeons. Both will find ample information to arouse their interest and expand their surgical horizons in exciting ways of which they will almost certainly not have dreamt. I welcome a book of this calibre on a subject which deserves our increasing interest. I delight in the fact that it is dedicated to my friend and colleague MARTIN ALLGOWER."

Spis treści

Anatomy and Functional Anatomy.- 1 Anatomical Definitions, Composition, and Configuration.- 2 Topographical Relations.- 2.1 Relations in Man.- 2.2 Relations in Animals.- 3 Development and Appearance.- 3.1 Embryological Development.- 3.2 Structural Peculiarities in Childhood.- 3.3 Omentum in the Adult.- 4 Structures.- 4.1 Stroma.- 4.2 Tissue Constituents.- 4.3 Vessels and Innervation.- 4.4 Mesothelial Lining.- 4.5 Milky Spots (Lymphoreticular Organ).- References.- Physiology and Functions.- 5 Distinctive Peculiarities of Omental Tissue.- 5.1 Movement.- 5.2 Adhesiveness and Cohesiveness.- 5.3 Hemostasis.- 5.4 Ability to Encapsulate.- 5.5 Capillary Ingrowth.- 5.6 Absorption from the Peritoneal Cavity.- 5.7 Capillary Fluid Exchange in the Omentum : Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 5.8 Omental Fluid Transport and Dialysis.- 5.9 Defense Mechanisms.- 5.9.1 Phagocytosis and Foreign Body Reaction.- 5.9.2 Immunological Concepts.- 5.10 Matrix for Tissue Grafts.- 5.10.1 Autotransplantations of Splenic Tissue.- 5.10.2 Tumor Implants in Experiments.- References.- Clinical Aspects.- 6 Clinical Signs and Methods of Assessment.- 6.1 Examination and Investigation.- 6.2 Radiographic Manifestation.- 6.3 Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography.- 6.4 Endoscopic Procedures.- 6.5 Laparotomy.- References.- Pathological Conditions, Specific Investigations, and Therapy.- 7 Diseases of the Omentum.- 7.1 Congenital Abnormalities and Pediatric Diseases.- 7.2 Injuries of the Omentum.- 7.3 Hernias.- 7.4 Adhesions.- 7.5 Omentitis, Inflammatory Reactions, and Parasites.- 7.6 Torsion and Infarction.- 7.7 Tumors.- 7.7.1 Pathology.- 7.7.1.1 Benign Tumors.- 7.7.1.2 Cysts.- 7.7.1.3 Malignant Primary Tumors.- 7.7.1.4 Tumor Metastases.- 7.7.2 Symptoms, Signs, Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy.- 7.7.2.1 Benign Tumors.- 7.7.2.2 Cysts.- 7.7.2.3 Malignant Primary Tumors.- 7.7.2.4 Tumor Deposits.- 7.8 Rare Tumor-like Changes.- References.- Experimental Basis for Reconstructive Surgery Using the Omentum.- 8 Experiments of Clinical Value.- 8.1 Vascular Ingrowth and Graft Incorporation.- 8.2 Revascularization and Drainage.- 8.2.1 Revascularization and Edema Absorption of the Brain and Spinal Cord.- 8.2.2 Revascularization (Ischemic Heart and Ureter).- 8.2.3 Drainage (Hydrocephalus).- 8.3 Protection.- 8.3.1 Coverage of Defects.- 8.4 Reconstruction.- 8.4.1 Antral Patch Esophagoplasty Using an Intact Omental Pedicle.- 8.4.2 Rectal Valve Substitution Using the Intact Pyloric Valve Based on an Omental Pedicle.- 8.4.3 Island Skin Flaps and Island Composite Flaps Employing the Omentum.- 8.5 Body Surface Heterotransplant and Biological Dressing.- References.- Protective and Reconstructive Surgery with the Omentum in Man.- 9 Surgical Principles and Techniques.- 9.1 General Aspects.- 9.1.1 Indications and Contraindications.- 9.1.2 Assessment and Preparation for Surgery.- 9.1.3 Access to the Omentum.- 9.1.4 Repair of the Defect.- 9.1.5 Postoperative Care, Sequelae, and Followup.- 9.2 Particular Surgical Procedures.- 9.2.1 Surgical Principles and Techniques: Omentopexy, Omental Mobilization, and Transposition.- 9.2.1.1 Intra-abdominal Transposition.- Omentoportoduodenopexy for Drainage.- Omentopexy for Ascites.- Omental Cuff for Cardiopexy.- Protection of Intestinal Defects.- Urogenital Organs and Pelvic Surgery.- Urinary Tract Reconstruction.- Pelvis.- Urogenital and Intraabdominal Fistulae.- Vascular Protection in Reconstructive Arterial Surgery.- 9.2.1.2 Extra-abdominal Transposition.- Intrathoracic Transposition.- Transposition to the Cranium and Extremities 278 Lymphatic Relief.- 9.2.1.3 Exteriorized Transposition.- Chest, Neck, and Axilla.- Abdominal Wall.- Extremities.- Histopathology of the Exteriorized Omentum.- 9.2.2 Free Omental Transfer with Microvascular Anastomosis.- 9.2.3 Free Omental Grafts.- 9.3 Limitations of Omental Transposition and Transfer.- Color Plate of Chapter 9.- References.- Historical Review.- 10 History.- 10.1 Historical Glance at the Terminology.- 10.2 Historical Survey.- 10.2.1 The Classical Period and Ideas of Anatomy, Function, and Surgery.- 10.2.2 Tradition in the Middle Ages.- 10.2.3 Observation and Experience in the Renaissance.- 10.2.4 Modern Trends.- 10.2.5 The Scientific Age.- 10.3 Plastic Surgery.- References.