1. Introduction Roger S. Bagnall and Gaëlle Tallet; Part I. Living in the Oasis: Humans and the Environment: 2. Water resources and irrigation in two oases of the Western Desert of Egypt, Kharga and Dakhla Jean-Paul Bravard; 3. The ancient population of the Kharga Oasis Françoise Dunand and Roger Lichtenberg; 4. Trimithis: a case study of Proto-Byzantine urbanism Paola Davoli; Part II. Managing the Oasis: 5. The Great Oasis: an administrative entity from Pharaonic times to Roman times Roger S. Bagnall and Gaëlle Tallet; 6. Land and resource administration: farmers, managers, and soldiers in the Great Oasis Rodney Ast; 7. What remains in the hands of the Gods: taxation in Kharga Oasis through the Demotic Ostraca (fifth century BC–first century AD) Damien Agut-Labordère; Part III. Trade and Mobility in a Connected Environment: 8. The North Kharga Oasis Darb Ain Amur Survey (NKODAAS): surveying the tracks between the two Oases Salima Ikram; 9. And the potsherds? Some avenues of reflection and synthesis on the pottery of the Great Oasis Pascale Ballet; 10. Egyptian and imported amphorae at Amheida Clementina Caputo; 11. Kegs from Amheida Irene Soto Marin; 12. El-Deir as a switching point Yaël Chevalier; Part IV. An Oasis Culture?: 13. Temple building on the Egyptian margins: the geopolitical issues behind Seti II and Ramesses IX's activity at Amheida Olaf E. Kaper; 14. Funerary practices in the Great Oasis during Antiquity Françoise Dunand and Fleur Letellier-Willemin; 15. Was there an interest in literary culture in the Great Oasis? Some answers Raffaella Cribiore; 16. The House of Serenos and wall painting in the Western Oases Susanna McFadden.