The Forgotten Pollution

ISBN-13: 9780792339175 / Angielski / Twarda / 1996 / 373 str.

Rein A. Roos; R. a. Roos

Opis

11. 3. 2. Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 11. 3. 3. Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 11. 3. 4. Some remarks on comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 11. 3. 5. Electrical heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 11. 4. Electrical fie1ds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 11. 4. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 11. 4. 2. Open fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 11. 4. 3. The TV set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 11. 4. 4. Upholstery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 11. 5. Electrostatic air c1eaners and ionizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 11. 5. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 11. 5. 2. What do they have in common? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 11. 5. 3. What is the difference? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 11. 6. Health effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 11. 6. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 11. 6. 2. Air conditioning and c1imate control . . . . . . . . . . . 142 11. 6. 3. Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 11. 6. 4. Charged particles and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 11. 7. Conc1usion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 The atmosphere is not what it is popularly believed to be 163 111. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 111. 2. Particles in the atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 m. 2. I. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 m. 2. 2. Partic1es and albedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 111. 2. 3. Condensation nuc1ei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 111. 3. Pollution sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 111. 3. 1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 III. 3. 2. Forest fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 111. 3. 2. Car emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 111. 3. 3. The e1ectrostatic precipitator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 III. 4. Transport and sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 111. 4. 1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 111. 4. 2. Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 111. 4. 3. Se1ective deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 111. 4. 4. Visibility, ozone layer, and nitrates. . . . . . . . . . . . 206 111. 4. 5. Torrential rains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Contents 8 Tb. Forgotten Pollution 111. 4. 4. Visibility, ozone layer, and nitrates . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 111. 4. 5. Torrential rains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Spis treści

Vegetation. I.1. Introduction. I.2. The Electrostatic Charged Aerosol Monitor (ECAM). I.3. The Atmospheric Aerosol Observatory (AAO) at Nocé. I.4. The Updrift-Downdrift Cycle. I.5. The Acid Rain Problem. I.6. Pesticide Spraying. I.7. Vegetation Under Very High Electric Stress. I.8. Vegetation Under Natural Electric Stress. I.9. The World of Pollen and Spores. I.10. Conclusion. The Habitat Puzzle. II.1. Historical. II.2. The Clean Air Syndrome. II.3. Electricity. II.4. Electrical Fields. II.5. Electrostatic Air Cleaners and Ionizers. II.6. Health Effects. II.7. Conclusion. The Atmosphere is Not What it is Popularly Believed to Be. III.1. Introduction. III.2. Particles in the Atmosphere. III.3. Pollution Sources. III.4. Transport and Sinks. III.5. Interesting Atmospheric Phenomena. Section 2: Vertical Potential Gradients and Electric Fields. 1.1. History. 1.2. Definition. 1.3. Earth's Vertical Potential Gradient. 1.4. Consequences of High Electric Fields. 1.5. Triboelectricity. 1.6. Space Charges. 1.7. Field-Free Space. 1.8. High Voltage Lines. 1.9. Outdoor and Indoor Fields. 1.10. Other Indoor Fields. 1.11. Field Variations Through Motion. 1.12. Electrical Field Measurements. 1.13. References. Gas and Electricity. 2.1. Ionization. 2.2. Cosmic Rays.2.3. Radioactivity. 2.4. Electrical Gas Discharges. 2.5. Photoionization. 2.6. Ionization by Combustion. 2.7. Various Effects of Ionization. 2.8. Measuring Methods. 2.9. References. The Electric Field, Mixture of Ions and Airborne Particles. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Electrical Activation. 3.3. Natural Extra Activation of Airborne Particles. 3.4. Artificial Extra Activation of Airborne Particles. 3.5. Measuring Methods. 3.6. References. Index.