1. Introduction: How Experience Changes the Way We See the World; 2. The Basic Level Category as the Entry-Point of Visual Recognition; 3. The Downward Shift Hypothesis; 4. Everyday, Developmental, and Neurodivergent Expertise; 5. Perceptual Expertise in the Laboratory; 6. Cognitive Mechanisms: Attention, Encoding and Short-term Memory; 7. Face Recognition and the Holistic Hypothesis; 8. Global and Local Processing; 9. Diagnostic Features: Color and Spatial Frequency; 10. Neural Substrates: EEGs and the N170 Component; 11. Convolutional Neural Networks: the new 'Artificial' Expert.