The Environmental Legacy of War on the Hungarian-Ottoman Frontier, C. 1540-1690

ISBN-13: 9789463727938 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023

András Vadas

Opis

This book is the first monographic attempt to follow the environmental changes that took place in the frontier zone of the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. On the one hand, it looks at how the Ottoman–Hungarian wars affected the landscapes of the Carpathian Basin – specifically, the frontier zone. On the other hand, it examines how the environment was used in the military tactics of the opposing realms. By taking into consideration both perspectives, this book intends to pursue the dynamic interplay between war, environment, and local society in the early modern period.

Spis treści

Acknowledgments
Note on Names
List of Figures
1. Introduction
1.1. Frontier, Border – Do They Mean Anything?
1.2. The Development of the Ottoman–Hungarian Frontier – The Scene
1.3. Transdanubia and the Great Hungarian Plain – The Scenes of the War
1.4. The Book’s Concept
2. From Center to the Frontier: The Environment of the Central Transdanubia in the Early Modern Period
2.1. Why Hydrography Matters? – Military Defense and Waterscape in the Kingdom of Hungary
2.2.1. Historical Environment of a Frontier River – What to Look at?
2.2.2. Riverine Frontiers Against the Ottomans – The Forms of Defense
2.2.3. Environmental Conditions and Frontier Protection in the Rába Valley in the Early Modern Period
2.3. Summary
3. A Century of Water? – The Rába Valley in the Seventeenth Century
3.1. Sources of a Town by the River
3.2. The Rába at Körmend
3.2.1. Fortifications, Bridge, and Mills – Körmend’s Waterscape
3.3. Floods – Unintended Consequences of Dams and Mills?
3.3.1. The Impacts of Floods on Communication Networks and the Local Economy
3.3.2. Flood Frequencies and the Magnitudes of Floods
3.3.3. Seasonality of Floods – the Early Modern Period Compared to Modern Times
3.3.4. A Year with Severe Floods: A Case Study of 1641
3.4. Low Water – An Even Less Fortunate Event?
3.5. Was Körmend an Exception? Some Conclusions
4. From Endless Forests to Meadows and Wastelands? What Happened to the Forests Along the Border?
4.1. Forest Resources in the Pre-Modern Carpathian Basin – Endless or Scarce?
4.2. Reconstructing Forest Cover in the Early Modern Period – Perspectives and Limits
4.3. Forms of Wood Consumption in Early Modern Hungary – Paved Road to Deforestation?
4.3.1. Firewood Consumption of Households in Early Modern Transdanubia – A Very Rough Estimate
4.3.2. Industries and Wood Consumption – Some Considerations
4.3.2.1. Food and Drink
4.3.2.2. War Materiel
4.3.2.3. Building Industries
4.4. The Biggest “New” Consumer? The Wood Consumption of the Military Defense in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
4.4.1. Possibilities and Limitations for Estimating the Wood Consumption of Earth and Wood Fortifications
4.5. Forests in the Hinterlands – What Were They Used For? – A Brief Outlook
4.6. Conclusions
5. Conclusions
5.1. Epilogue – What Came After?
Bibliography
Appendices