The Effects of Drug Regulation: A Survey Based on the European Studies of Drug Regulation

ISBN-13: 9789401173292 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 144 str.

Graham Dukes

Opis

Most national governments have created agencies with the responsibility for deciding which medicinal drugs should be imported or manufactured and made available through their health systems. Many of these agencies were set up some twenty years ago in the wake of the thalidomide disaster. Since that time they have developed in quite different ways in response to national, cultural and economic influences. Their direct cost is very small in comparison to overall health budgets but their indirect effects, both in terms of health and the economy, can be substantial. In 1980 the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe set up a series of studies of drug evaluation in the European region aimed at determining the effects of the work of regulatory agencies on the availability of drugs, on the pharmaceutical industry, and on the health of individuals in the countries concerned. This book sets that work in a historical context and describes the sources of the data used by the project team and the methods used by WHO and others in assessing the work of these agencies and its repercussions for the community. Finally, it presents an analysis of current knowledge and the plans and prospects for future research. The first draft of this book was presented to a meeting of experts in the field of drug regulation at Oslo in March 1984, and the present text embodies the views and conclusions of that meeting.

Spis treści

1 The background.- 1 The origins of drug regulation.- 2 The regulatory controversy.- 2 Finding a methodical approach.- 1 The goal and the means.- 2 Aims of the WHO European Studies of Drug Regulation.- 3 Factors affecting drug use and development.- 4 Getting access to the data.- 5 Approaches to the problem.- 3 Data for studying drug regulation.- 1 Public data on health.- 2 Data on regulatory agencies.- 3 Evidence relating to the pharmaceutical industry.- 4 Evidence from physicians and the public.- 5 Other sources of data.- 4 Current studies and findings.- 1 The principal effects.- 2 Comparative evaluation and the concept of need.- 3 Animal studies and long-term studies in man.- 4 The efficiency of regulation.- 5 Conclusions and recommendations.- 1 Overall impressions to date.- 2 Techniques for further studies.- 3 The concept of an integrated drugs policy.- 4 The need for a scientific basis for policy.- References.- Annex 1 List of participants.