1. The economy of late Achaemenid and Seleucid Babylonia: state of the problem, methodology and sources; Part I. Structure: 2. Some key developments in first-millennium Babylonia; 3. Land, labour and capital: the factors of production; 4. Price volatility and storage; Part II. Performance: 5. A price history of Babylonia, c.400–c.140 BC; 6. Historical events in a quantitative analysis.