The Development of the Visual System of the Albino Rat

ISBN-13: 9783540070795 / Angielski / Miękka / 1975 / 88 str.

A. Raedler; J. Sievers

Opis

Most authors who have studied the whole visual system described the fiber connections between the different nuclear centers (Monakow, 1883, 1889; Probst, 1900; Minkowski, 1913, 1920, 1934; Kosaka and Hiraiwa, 1914; Put- nam, 1926; Oshinomi, 1930; Papez and Freeman, 1930; Lashley, 1931, 1934a, 1934b, 1941; Barris and Ingram, 1933/34; Le Gros Clark and Penman, 1934; Waller, 1934; Chang, 1936; Gillilan, 1940; Le Gros Clark, 1942; Krieg, 1946a, 1946b, 1947; Nauta and Bucher, 1954; Hayhow et al. , 1962; Lund, 1966; Mon- tero, 1968). The histogenetic and cytogenetic differentiation of the various components of the visual system has been treated in numerous individual studies mostly on the cerebral cortex and the retina and to a lesser degree on the superior col- liculus and the lateral geniculate body, however, it has not yet been investigated under the aspects of developmental interactions of a functional system on the basis of comparing the development of the different brain parts involved with re- spect to the establishment of a functionally interrelated system. The first concepts of the histological differentiation of the neural tube and parts of the more advanced central nervous system were based on the classical neuroblast-spon- gioblast-theory of His (1889, 1904), Cajal (1911, 1960) and Lorente de No (1922, 1933, 1949). The development of the definitive cerebral cortex with its 6 laminae according to Tilney (1933) was attributed to three successive cell migrations which form the supragranular, granular and infragranular layers.

Spis treści

I. Introduction.- II. Material and Methods.- III. Results.- Day 13 of gestation.- Retina.- Brain stem.- Visual cortex.- Day 15 of gestation.- Retina.- Brain stem.- Visual cortex.- Day 17 of gestation.- Retina.- Colliculus superior.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Visual cortex.- Days 18 and 19 of gestation.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Days 20 and 21 of gestation.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Third postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Seventh postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Tenth postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Fourteenth postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- IV. Discussion.- 1. The ventricular zone in its significance for the cell proliferation and the resulting growth of area and thickness of the immature brain.- a) Proliferation and mitotic cycle.- b) The structure of the ventricular zone (with special consideration of the developmental stages in which the ventricular zone represents almost the whole neural wall).- c) The ultrastructure of the ventricular cells.- d) The behavior of the ventricular zone in different phases of development and different brain regions.- e) Problems of growth of area and thickness of the developing brain.- 2. The histological and cytological differentiation.- a) Cortex occipitalis.- ?) The prenatal neurogenesis and gliogenesis of the cortical layers.- ?) The mechanism of differentiation.- ?) The development of the cortical layers.- ?) The cytological differentiation of the occipital cerebral cortex.- b) Colliculus superior and corpus geniculatum laterale.- ?) Histogenetic similarities and differences in comparison with the cortical development.- ?) The cytological differentiation of the colliculus superior and the corpus geniculatum laterale.- c) The development of the retina.- ?) The ventricular zone.- ?) The inner nuclear layer.- ?) The ganglion cell layer.- ?) Model of the retinal histogenesis.- 3. Comparison of the development of the four visual centers with regard to their functional integration into the visual system.- a) Comparison of the differentiation of the neurons that establish the contact between the individual visual centers.- b) Comparison of the differentiation of the other neurons in the primary visual centers.- V. Summary.- Acknowledgements.- References.