The Designer's Guide to High-Purity Oscillators

ISBN-13: 9781402076664 / Angielski / Twarda / 2004 / 204 str.

Emad Eldin Hegazi; Jacob Rael; Asad A. Abidi

Opis

try to predict it using mathematical expressions. His heuristic model without mathematical proof is almost universally accepted. However, it entails a c- cuit specific noise factor that is not known a priori and so is not predictive. In this work, we attempt to address the topic of oscillator design from a diff- ent perspective. By introducing a new paradigm that accurately captures the subtleties of phase noise we try to answer the question: 'why do oscillators behave in a particular way?' and 'what can be done to build an optimum design?' It is also hoped that the paradigm is useful in other areas of circuit design such as frequency synthesis and clock recovery. In Chapter 1, a general introduction and motivation to the subject is presented. Chapter 2 summarizes the fundamentals of phase noise and timing jitter and discusses earlier works on oscillator's phase noise analysis. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 analyze the physical mechanisms behind phase noise generation in current-biased and Colpitts oscillators. Chapter 5 discusses design trade-offs and new techniques in LC oscillator design that allows optimal design. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 discuss a topic that is typically ignored in oscillator design. That is flicker noise in LC oscillators. Finally, Chapter 8 is dedicated to the complete analysis of the role of varactors both in tuning and AM-FM noise conversion.

Spis treści

Preface 1: Basics of LC Oscillators 1. Introduction 2. The Mathematical Oscillator 3. Additive White Noise in LC Oscillators 4. The Linear Oscillator 5. Linear Oscillator Noise Analysis 6. How Is This Book Different? 2: Oscillator Purity Fundamentals 1. Introduction 2. Timing Jitter 3. Recognizing Phase Noise 4. Single Sideband Contains AM and PM 5. Phase Noise 6. Oscillator Phase Noise Models: Post-Leeson 3: Current Biased Oscillator 1. Steady-State Operation 2. Linear Analysis of Differential Oscillator 3. Thermally Induced Phase Noise 4. Validation of Thermal Noise Analysis 4: Colpitts Oscillator 1. Introduction 2. Steady-State 3. Phase Noise Analysis 4. Conclusions 5: Design for Low Thermal Phase Noise 1. Introduction 2. Note About Harmonic Balance in LC Oscillators 3. Amplitude in Differential LC Oscillators 4. Design of Current-Biased Differential Oscillators 5. A Design Example 6. Intuitive Explanation of Phase Noise Sources 7. Loading in Current-Biased Oscillators 8. Sizing of the Current Source Device 9. Noise Filtering in Oscillators 10. Prototype Oscillator 11. Practical Considerations 12. Example: Redesign of GSM VCO 13. Anatomy of the Figure-of-Merit 6: Flicker Noise 1. Flicker Induced Phase Noise 2. FM Due to Modulated Frequency Content 3. Switch Voltage Noise Modulates Capacitance 4. Frequency Modulation by the Current Source 7: Design for Low Flicker Phase Noise 1. Introduction 2. Flicker Noise Minimization 3. Nulling Flicker Noise 4. Wideband Nulling of Flicker Noise Up Conversion 8: The Role of the Varactor 1. Fundamentals 2. Types of Varactors 3. Varactor Tuning 4. Analytical Evaluation of Noise Sensitivity 5. AM-to-FM Noise Conversion 6. Tuning and Supply Sensitivity 7. Measurements and SimulationResults 8. Discussion Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Index

Blurb

The Designer's Guide to High-Purity Oscillators presents a comprehensive theory and design methodology for the design of LC CMOS oscillators used in every wireless transmission system.  The authors introduce the subject of phase noise and osciallators from the very first principles, and carry the reader to a very intuitive circuit-driven theory of phase noise in LC osciallators.  The presented theory includes both thermal and flicker noise effects.  Based on Hegazi, Rael, and Abidi's mechanistic theory, a sensible design methodology is gradually developed.  In addition, new topologies that were recently published by the authors are discussed in detail and an optimal design methodology is presented.  While the book focuses on intuition, it rigorously proves every argument to present a compact yet accurate model for predicting phase noise in LC oscillators.  By so doing, the design of an LC osciallator can be handled in the same manner as an amplifier design.