The Dermal Lymphatic Capillaries

ISBN-13: 9783642734823 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 157 str.

Judit Daroczy

Opis

From the preface: "The importance of the lymphatic system has been known for a long time. It was therefore surprising to learn that the status of dermal lymphatics, under both normal and pathological conditions of man, had been largely neglected to date, particularly with respect to their ultrastructure. Moreover, the existing information is incomplete, relating only to narrow segments of the skin, and it is controversial. This monograph represents an effort to overcome some of the existing deficiencies in the area of the structure (with emphasis on ultrastructure) of lymphatic capillaries. It is an account of our experience in the evaluation of dermal lymphatics in normal, edematous, and some other pathological conditions in man and in experimental animals. It is hoped that this information will prove useful for other investigators as a basis for evaluation of the structural and functional status of dermal lymphatics under a wide variety of pathological conditions."

Spis treści

Materials and Methods.- 1 The Lymphatic Tree.- 1.1 Lymphatic Trunk.- 1.2 Lymphatic Collecting Vessels.- 1.3 Lymphatic Capillaries.- 2 How to Demonstrate Lymphatic Capillaries.- 3 How to Identify Lymphatic Capillaries.- 4 Morphological Features of the Dermal Lymphatic Capillary.- 4.1 Pericapillary Connective Tissue.- 4.1.1 Basal Lamina.- 4.1.2 Endothelial Cytoplasmic Pseudopodia.- 4.1.3 Connective Tissue Microfilaments.- 4.1.4 Attachment Plates Along the Capillary Wall.- 4.1.5 Elastic Fibers.- 4.1.6 Collagen Fibers.- 4.2 Endothelial Cells.- 4.2.1 Cytoplasmic Microfilaments.- 4.2.2 Microtubules.- 4.2.3 Multivesicular Bodies.- 4.2.4 Golgi Apparatus.- 4.2.5 Centrioles.- 4.2.6 Mitochondria.- 4.2.7 Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 4.2.8 Ribosomes.- 4.2.9 Cilia.- 4.2.10 Lipid Droplets.- 4.2.11 Vesicles.- 4.2.12 Lysosomes.- 4.2.13 Dense Granules.- 4.2.14 Tubuloreticular and Crystalloid Inclusions.- 4.2.15 Nucleus.- 4.3 Innervation.- 5 The Lymphatic Valve System.- 5.1 Structure of the Valves.- 5.1.1 Connective Tissue.- 5.1.2 Basal Lamina.- 5.1.3 Endothelial Cells.- 5.2 Main Forms of the Lymphatic Valves.- 5.2.1 Joining Valves.- 5.2.2 Segment Valves.- 5.2.3 Unicellular Valves.- 5.2.4 Bunch Valves.- 5.3 Inlet Valves.- 6 Lymphaticovenous Anastomoses.- 7 Lymph Formation and Lymph Flow.- 8 Function of the Dermal Lymphatic Capillaries.- 8.1 Functional Morphology.- 8.2 Manner of Function.- 9 The Role of Interstitial Proteolysis and Macrophages.- 10 Pharmacology of the Dermal Lymphatic Capillaries.- 11 Inflammatory Conditions.- 11.1 Morphological Changes of the Dermal Lymphatic Capillaries During Inflammation.- 11.2 Regeneration of the Lymphatic Capillaries.- 11.3 Cellular Components in the Capillary Lumen and in the Pericapillary Space.- 11.4 Role of the Lymphatic Capillaries in the Development of Cellular Immunity.- 12 Mechanism of Transport Through the Lymphatic Capillary Wall.- 13 Insufficiency of Lymph Flow.- 13.1 Safety-Valve Function of Lymph Flow.- 13.2 Dynamic Insufficiency (High Lymph-Flow Failure).- 13.3 Mechanical Insufficiency (Low Lymph-Flow Failure).- 13.4 Safety-Valve Insufficiency.- 14 Forms of Lymphedema.- 14.1 Classification of Lymphostatic Edema.- 14.2 Clinical and Morphological Stages of Lymphostatic Edema.- 14.2.1 Latent Edema.- 14.2.2 Manifest Edema (Reversible).- 14.2.3 Manifest Edema (Irreversible).- 14.2.4 Elephantiasis.- 14.3 Inflammatory Skin Conditions Leading to Chronic Lymphedema.- 14.3.1 Usual Forms.- 14.3.2 Rare Forms.- 14.4 Diagnosis of Lymphostatic Edema.- 14.5 Histological and Electron-Microscopical Features of Lymphostatic Edema.- 15 Tumors of the Dermal Lymphatics.- 15.1 Lymphangioma.- 15.1.1 Congenital.- 15.1.2 Acquired.- 15.2 Lymphangiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves Syndrome).- 15.3 Pseudo Kaposi’s Sarcoma.- 15.4 Kaposi’s Sarcoma.- 16 Lymphovascular Alterations in Different Syndromes Related to Dermatology.- 16.1 Melkersson-Rosenthal-Mischer Syndrome.- 16.2 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome.- 16.3 Nonne-Milroy-Meige Syndrome.- 16.4 Noonan’s Syndrome.- 16.5 Maffucci’s Syndrome.- 16.6 Yellow Nail Syndrome.- 17 Diabetes mellitus.- 18 Aged-Related Changes of Dermal Lymphatics.- 19 Lymphovascular Alterations in Selected Dermatological Diseases.- 19.1 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda.- 19.2 Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae.- 19.3 Lichen Amyloidosus.- 20 Lymphangitis.- 20.1 Lymphostatic Lymphangitis and Edema.- 20.2 Sclerosing Non-venereal Lymphangitis of the Penis..- 20.3 Syphilis.- 20.4 Parasitic Lymphangitis.- 20.5 Lymphangitis in Mucormycosis.- 20.6 Lymphangitis due to Irritants.- 20.7 Lymphangitis Carcinomatosa.- 21 Treatment of Lymphostatic Edema.- 21.1 Drug Therapy.- 21.2 Physical Therapy.- 21.3 Surgial Therapy.- References.