The Concise New Makers of Modern Culture

ISBN-13: 9780415477833 / Angielski / Miękka / 2009 / 876 str.

Justin Wintle

Opis

A Who's Who of Western culture, from Woody Allen to Emile Zola... Containing four hundred essay-style entries, and covering the period from 1850 to the present, The Concise New Makers of Modern Culture includes artists, writers, dramatists, architects, philosophers, anthropologists, scientists, sociologists, major political figures, composers, film-makers and many other culturally significant individuals and is thoroughly international in its purview. Next to Karl Marx is Bob Marley, with John Ruskin is Salman Rushdie, alongside Darwin is Luigi Dallapiccola, Deng Xiaoping rubs shoulders with Jacques Derrida as do Julia Kristeva and Kropotkin. With its global reach, The Concise New Makers of Modern Culture provides a multi-voiced witness of the contemporary thinking world. The entries carry short bibliographies and there is thorough cross-referencing as well as an index of names and key terms.

Spis treści

AALTO, Alvar ABRAMOVIC, Marina ACHEBE, Chinua ACTON, Lord ADAMS, Douglas ADAMS, Henry Brooks ADAMS, John Coolidge ADLER, Alfred ADORNO, Theodor Wiesengrund AFGHANI, Jamal Uddeen al- ALBEE, Edward ALBERS, Josef ALCOTT, Louisa May ALLEN, Woody ALTHUSSER, Louis ALTMAN, Robert AMIS, (Sir) Kingsley AMIS, Martin ANDRE, Carl ANGELOU, Maya ANOUILH, Jean ANTHONY, Susan B. APOLLINAIRE, Guillaume ARAFAT, Yasser ARCHIGRAM ARENDT, Hannah ARMSTRONG, Louis ARNOLD, Eve ARNOLD, Matthew ARON, Raymond ARP, Jean (Hans) ARTAUD, Antonin ASHBERY, John ASHBY, William Ross ASIMOV, Isaac ATATURK (Mustafa KEMAL) ATTENBOROUGH, (Sir) David AUDEN, W. H. AUNG SAN SUU KYI AUSTIN, J. L. AYER, (Sir) Alfred BABBAGE, Charles BABBITT, Milton BACHELARD, Gaston BACON, Francis BADIOU, Alain BAGEHOT, Walter BAIRD, John Logie BAKHTIN, Mikhail BAKST, Le´on BAKUNIN, Mikhail BALAKIREV, M. A. BALDWIN, James Arthur BALLARD, James Graham BALTHUS, (Count) Balthazar BANHAM, Reyner BARBER, Samuel BARNUM, Phineas BARRES, Auguste-Maurice BARTH, John BARTH, Karl BARTHES, Roland BARTOK, Be´la BAUDELAIRE, Charles BAUSCH, Pina BEARDSLEY, Aubrey BEATLES, The BEATON, (Sir) Cecil BEAUVOIR, Simone de BECK, Ulrich BECKETT, Samuel BECKMANN, Max BEETON, Samuel and Isabella BELL, Alexander Graham BELLOW, Saul BENENSON, Peter BENJAMIN, Walter BENNETT, Alan BERG, Alban BERGMAN, Ingmar BERGSON, Henri BERIO, Luciano BERKELEY, Busby BERLIN, Irving BERLIN, (Sir) Isaiah BERLIOZ, Hector BERNERS-LEE, (Sir) Timothy BERNSTEIN, Leonard BERRYMAN, John BETJEMAN, (Sir) John BEUYS, Joseph BEVERIDGE, William (Lord) BIERCE, Ambrose BIN LADEN, Osama BINFORD, Lewis BIRTWISTLE, (Sir) Harrison BISHOP, Elizabeth BISMARCK, Otto von BIZET, Georges BOAL, Augusto BOAS, Franz BOCKLIN, Arnold BOHR, Niels BÖ LL, Heinrich BOLTZMANN, Ludwig BONHOEFFER, Dietrich BONNARD, Pierre BOOLE, George BOOTH, William BORGES, Jorge Luis BORODIN, Alexander BOULEZ, Pierre BOURDIEU, Pierre BOURGEOIS, Louise BOURKE-WHITE, Margaret BRADBURY, Raymond BRAHMS, Johannes BRAKHAGE, Stan BRANCUSI, Constantin BRAQUE, Georges BRAUDEL, Fernand BRECHT, Bertolt BRENTON, Howard BRESSON, Robert BRETON, Andre´ BRITTEN, Benjamin (Lord) BROWN, Ford Madox BROWNING, Robert BRUCKNER, Anton BRUNEL, Isambard Kingdom BUBER, Martin BUKHARIN, Nikolay BULTMANN, Rudolf BUNTLINE, Ned BUN˜ UEL, Luis BURCKHARDT, Jacob BURGESS, Anthony BURNE-JONES, (Sir) Edward BURROUGHS, William S. BURTON, (Sir) Richard BUSONI, Ferruccio BUTLER, Samuel BYATT, A. S. CAGE, John CALDER, Alexander CAMUS, Albert CANTOR, Georg CAPA, Robert C. APEK, Karel CAPOTE, Truman CARNAP, Rudolf CARNEGIE, Andrew CARROLL, Lewis CARSON, Rachel CARTER, Elliott CARTIER-BRESSON, Henri CARVER, George Washington CARVER, Raymond CASSAVETES, John CASSIRER, Ernst CASTRO, Fidel CAVAFY, Constantine CAVELL, Stanley CELAN, Paul CEZANNE, Paul CHAGALL, Marc CHANDLER, Raymond CHANEL, Gabrielle (‘Coco’) CHAPLIN, Charles CHATWIN, Bruce CHEEVER, John CHEKHOV, Anton CHESTERTON, G. K. CHILDE, Vere Gordon CHIRICO, Giorgio de CHOMSKY, Noam CHOPIN, Kate CHRISTIE, Agatha CHRISTO with JEANNE-CLAUDE CHURCHILL, (Sir) Winston CIORAN, Emil Mihai CLAUSIUS, Rudolf CLEAVER, Larry Eldridge COCTEAU, Jean COETZEE, J. M, COLLINS, Wilkie COMPTON-BURNETT, (Dame) Ivy CONRAD, Joseph COPLAND, Aaron COPPOLA, Francis Ford COURBET, Gustave COWARD, (Sir) Noe¨l CRANE, Hart CRANE, Stephen CRICK, Francis CROCE, Benedetto CUKOR, George CUMMINGS, E. E. CUNNINGHAM, Merce CURIE, Marie DALI, Salvador DALLAPICCOLA, Luigi D’ANNUNZIO, Gabriele DARWIN, Charles DAUMIER, Honore´-Victorin DAVIDSON, Donald DAVIES, (Sir) Peter Maxwell DAVIS, Miles DAWKINS, Richard DE GAULLE, Charles DE KOONING, William DEBORD, Guy DEBUSSY, Claude DEDEKIND, Richard DEGAS, Edgar DELEUZE, Gilles DeLILLO, Don DELIUS, Frederick DeMILLE, Cecil B. DEMUTH, Charles DENG XIAOPING DERRIDA, Jacques DEWEY, John DIAGHILEV, Serge DICKENS, Charles DICKINSON, Emily DIDION, Joan DILTHEY, Wilhelm DISNEY, Walt DISRAELI, Benjamin DOCTOROW, Ed DOS PASSOS, John Rodrigo DOSTOEVSKY, Fyodor DOUGHTY, Charles DOUGLASS, Frederick DOYLE, (Sir) Arthur Conan DREISER, Theodore DREYER, Carl DUBUFFET, Jean-Philippe-Arthur DUCHAMP, Marcel DUHEM, Pierre-Marie-Maurice DURKHEIM, Emile DURRELL, Lawrence DUTILLEUX, Henri DVOR. AK, Antonin DWORKIN, Andrea DYLAN, Bob EAKINS, Thomas EAMES, Charles EASTMAN, George ECA DE QUEIROZ, Jos´e Maria EDDY, Mary Baker EDISON, Thomas Alva EIFFEL, Gustave EINSTEIN, Albert EISENSTEIN, Sergei ELGAR, (Sir) Edward ELIADE, Mircea ELIAS, Norbert ELIOT, George ELIOT, T. S. ELLINGTON, Duke EMERSON, Ralph Waldo ENDO SHUSAKU ENGELS, Friedrich EPSTEIN, (Sir) Jacob ERNST, Max EVANS, (Sir) Arthur EVANS, (Sir) John EVANS-PRITCHARD, (Sir) Edward EYSENCK, Hans FASSBINDER, Rainer Werner FAULKNER, William FAURE, Gabriel FAWCETT, (Dame) Millicent FELLINI, Federico FERMI, Enrico FEUERBACH, Ludwig FEYDEAU, Georges FIRBANK, Ronald FITZGERALD, F. Scott FLAHERTY, Robert FLAUBERT, Gustave FLEMING, (Sir) Alexander and FLOREY, Howard (Lord) FLEMING, Ian FO, Dario FORD, Henry FORD, John FORSTER, E. M. FOSTER, Norman (Lord) FOSTER, Stephen FOUCAULT, Michel FOWLES, John FRANCK, Ce´sar FRANCO, Francisco FRAZER, (Sir) James George FREGE, Friedrich FREUD, Lucian FREUD, Sigmund FRIEDAN, Betty FRIEDMAN, Milton FRINK, Elisabeth FROMM, Erich FROST, Robert FUENTES, Carlos FUGARD, Athol FUKUZAWA YUKICHI FULLER, Buckminster GABO, Naum GADAFFI, Muammar al- GADAMER, Hans-Georg GALBRAITH, J. K. GALLO, Robert C. and MONTAGNIER, Luc B. GALLUP, George GALTON, (Sir) Francis GANCE, Abel GANDHI, Mahatma GAO XINGJIAN GARCIA MARQUEZ, Gabriel GARIBALDI, Giuseppe GASKELL, Elizabeth GATES, Bill GAUDI, Antoni GAUDIER-BRZESKA, Henri GAUGUIN, Paul GEERTZ, Clifford GEHRY, Frank GELLNER, Ernest GENET, Jean GERSHWIN, George GIACOMETTI, Alberto GIDE, Andre´ GILBERT & GEORGE GILBERT, (Sir) William GINSBERG, Allen GLADSTONE, (Sir) W. E. GLASS, Philip GOBINEAU, Arthur de GODARD, Jean-Luc GODEL, Kurt GOEHR, Alexander GOLDING, (Sir) William GONCOURT, Edmond and Jules de GOODMAN, Paul GORBACHEV, Mikhail GORECKI, Henryk GORKY, Maxim GOSSE, (Sir) Edmund GOSSE, Philip Henry GOULD, Stephen Jay GOUNOD, Charles GRAHAM, Martha GRAMSCI, Antonio GRASS, Gu¨nter GREEN, Henry GREENE, Graham GREER, Germaine GRIEG, Edvard GRIFFITH, D. W. GROPIUS, Walter GUEVARA, Che GUNN, Thom GUTTIEREZ, Gustavo GYATSO TENZIN, 14th Dalai Lama HABERMAS, Ju¨rgen HAGGARD, Rider HAMMERSTEIN, Oscar HAMSUN, Knut HANDKE, Peter HARDY, Thomas HARNACK, Adolf von HARRIS, Joel Chandler HARTE, Bret HAS. EK, Jaroslav HAVEL, Va´clav HAWKING, Stephen HAWKS, Howard HAWTHORNE, Nathaniel HEANEY, Seamus HEIDEGGER, Martin HEISENBERG, Werner HELLER, Joseph HELMHOLTZ, Hermann HEMINGWAY, Ernest HENDRIX, Jimi HENZE, Hans Werner HEPWORTH, (Dame) Barbara HERTZ, Heinrich HERZEN, Alexandr HERZL, Theodor HERZOG, Werner HESSE, Hermann HEYERDAHL, Thor HINDEMITH, Paul HIRST, Damien HITCHCOCK, Alfred HITLER, Adolf HO CHI MINH HOCKNEY, David HODDER, Ian HOFSTEDE, Geert HOGGART, Richard HOLABIRD, William and ROCHE, Martin HOLMES, Oliver Wendell HOLROYD, Michael HOLST, Gustav HOMER, Winslow HOPKINS, Gerard Manley HOPPER, Edward HORKHEIMER, Max HOUSMAN, A. E. HOWELLS, William Dean HUGHES, Ted HUGO, Victor HUIZINGA, Johan HUNT, William HUSSERL, Edmund HUNTINGTON, Samuel HUXLEY, Aldous HUXLEY, T.H. HUYSMANS, Joris-Karl IBSEN, Henrik ILLICH, Ivan IONESCO, Euge` ne IQBAL, (Sir) Muhammad IVES, Charles JAKOBSON, Roman JAMES, Henry JAMES, William JANA ´ C. EK, Leos JARMAN, Derek JARRY, Alfred JASPERS, Karl JEVONS, William Stanley JOBS, Steven JOHN XXIII JOHN PAUL II JOHNS, Jasper JONES, LeRoi JOULE, James Prescott JOUVENEL DES URSINS, Bertrand de JOWETT, Benjamin JOYCE, James JUDD, Donald JUNG, C. G. JU ¨ NGER, Ernst KAFKA, Franz KAHN, Louis KANDINSKY, Wassily KANG YOUWEI KAWABATA YASUNARI KEATON, ‘Buster’ KELLER, Hans KELVIN, Lord KENNEDY, J.F. KERN, Jerome KEROUAC, Jack KESEY, Ken KEYNES, John Maynard KHOMEINI, Ruhollah Musavi KIEFER, Anselm KIESLOWSKI, Krzysztof KING, Martin Luther, Jr KING, Stephen KIPLING, Rudyard KIRCHNER, Ernst KITAJ, Ronald Brooks KLEE, Paul KLEIN, Melanie KLEIN, Yves KLIMT, Gustav KOCH, Heinrich KODA ´ LY, Zolta´ n KOESTLER, Arthur KOHL, Helmut KOKOSCHKA, Oscar KOONING, Willem de KOONS, Jeff KRAUS, Karl KRIPKE, Saul KRISHNAMURTI, Jiddu KRISTEVA, Julia KROPOTKIN, Petr KUBRICK, Stanley KUHN, Thomas S. KUNDERA, Milan KUNG, Hans KUROSAWA AKIRA KURTAG, Gyo¨rgy LACAN, Jacques LAFORGUE, Jules LAING, R. D. LAMPEDUSA, Giuseppe di LANG, Fritz LARKIN, Philip LARTET, Edouard LAUTREAMONT, Comte de LAWRENCE, D.H. LE CARRE, John LE CORBUSIER LE FANU, Sheridan LEACH, (Sir) Edmund LEAN, (Sir) David LEAR, Edward LEARY, Timothy LEAVIS, F.R. LEGER, Fernand LEMKIN, Raphae¨l LENIN, Vladimir Ilyich LEO XIII LEVI, Primo LEVI-STRAUSS, Claude LEVINAS, Emmanuel LEWIS, Sinclair LEWIS, Saunders LEWIS, Wyndham LIBBY, Willard Frank LICHTENSTEIN, Roy LIGETI, Gyo¨rgy LIN, Maya Ying LINCOLN, Abraham LISTER, Joseph LISZT, Ferencz LIVINGSTONE, David LODGE, David LONDON, Jack LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth LORCA, Federico Garci´a LORENTZ, H.A. LORENZ, Konrad LOSEY, Joseph LOVELOCK, James LOWELL, Amy LOWELL, James Russell LOWELL, Robert LOWRY, L.S. LU XUN LUHMANN, Niklas LUKACS, Georg LUTOS L-AWSKI, Witold LYOTARD, Jean Franc¸ois MacDIARMID, Hugh MACH, Ernst MACHADO DE ASSIS, Joaquim Maria MacINTYRE, Alasdair MACKINTOSH, Charles Rennie MacNEICE, Louis MAETERLINCK, Mauritius Polydorus Maria Bernardus MAGRITTE, Rene´ MAHLER, Gustav MAILER, Norman MALCOLM X MALEVICH, Kazimir MALINOWSKI, Bronislaw MALLARME, Ste´phane MALRAUX, Andre´ MANDELA, Nelson MANDELSTAM, Osip MANET, Edouard MANN, Jonathan MANN, Heinrich MANN, Thomas MANNHEIM, Karl MANSFIELD, Katherine MAO ZEDONG MAPPLETHORPE, Robert MARC, Franz MARCEAU, Marcel MARCONI, Guglielmo MARCUSE, Herbert MARINETTI, Filippo MARLEY, Bob MARX, Karl MATISSE, Henri MATURANA, Humberto R. MAUDIDI, Mawlana Abul Ala MAUPASSANT, Guy de MAUSS, Marcel MAXWELL, James Clerk McCARTHY, Mary McEWAN, Ian McLUHAN, Marshall MEAD, Margaret MEDAWAR, (Sir) Peter MELVILLE, Herman MENDEL, Gregor MENDELEYEV, Dmitry MERLEAU-PONTY, Maurice MESSIAEN, Olivier MIES VAN DER ROHE, Ludwig MILL, John Stuart MILLER, Arthur MILLER, Henry MILLET, Jean Franc¸ois MILLETT, Kate MIRO, Jo´an MISHIMA YUKIO MIZOGUCHI KENJI MODIGLIANI, Amadeo MOMMSEN, Theodor MONDRIAN, Piet MONET, Claude MONNET, Omer Marie Gabriel Jean MONTY PYTHON MOORE, G..E. MOORE, (Sir) Henry MOORE, Marianne Craig MOREAU, Gustave MORGAN, Lewis H. MORRIS, Robert MORRIS, William MORRISON, Toni MOSCA, Gaetano MUHAMMAD, Elijah MUNCH, Edvard MURRAY, (Sir) James MUSIL, Robert MUSSOLINI, Benito MUSSORGSKY, Modest NABOKOV, Vladimir NADER, Ralph NAGEL, Ernest NAIPAUL, V.S. NASSER, Gamal Abdel NEEDHAM, Joseph NERUDA, Pablo NEWMAN, John Henry NICHOLSON, Ben NIEBUHR, Reinhold NIEMEYER, Oscar NIETZSCHE, Friedrich NIGHTINGALE, Florence NOBEL, Alfred NOLAN, (Sir) Sidney NOLDE, Emil NOZICK, Robert NUSSBAUM, Martha OATES, Joyce Carol O’CASEY, Sean ODETS, Clifford OE KENZABURO OFFENBACH, Jacques OLDENBURG, Claes OMAR, Muhammad O’NEILL, Eugene ONO, Yoko OPHU¨ LS, Max OPPENHEIMER, J. Robert PEI, Ieoh Ming ORTEGA y GASSET, Jose´ ORTON, Joe ORWELL, George OWEN, Wilfred OZ, Amos OZU YASUJIRO PALMER, Samuel PAOLOZZI, (Sir) Eduardo PARETO, Vilfredo PARKER, Charles PARKMAN, Francis PARSONS, Talcott PASK, Gordon PASOLINI, Pier Paolo PASTERNAK, Boris PASTEUR, Louis PATER, Walter PAVLOV, Ivan Petrovich PAZ, Octavio PEAKE, Mervyn PEIRCE, C. S. PENDERECKI, Krzysztof PE ´ REZ GALDO ´ S, Benito PETRIE, Flinders PIAGET, Jean PICASSO, Pablo PINTER, Harold PIRANDELLO, Luigi PISSARRO, Camille PITT RIVERS, Augustus Lane Fox PLANCK, Max PLATH, Sylvia POINCARE ´ , Henri POIRET, Paul POL POT POLANSKI, Roman POLLOCK, Jackson POPPER, (Sir) Karl PORTER, Cole POULENC, Francis POUND, Ezra POWELL, Anthony PRESLEY, Elvis PRICE, Cedric PROKOFIEV, Sergei PROUDHON, Pierre-Joseph PROUST, Marcel PUCCINI, Giacomo PUDOVKIN, Vsevolod PUTNAM, Hilary PUVIS DE CHAVANNES, Pierre PYNCHON, Thomas QUENEAU, Raymond QUINE, Willard QUTB, Sayyid Muhammad RACHMANINOV, Sergei RADCLIFFE-BROWN, A.R. RAHNER, Karl RAUSCHENBERG, Robert RAVEL, Maurice RAWLS, John RAY, Man RAY, Satyajit REDON, Odilon REICH, Steve REICH, Wilhelm REINHARDT, Ad REINHARDT, Max RENAN, Joseph-Ernest RENOIR, Jean RENOIR, Pierre-Auguste RESNAIS, Alain REUTER, Paul Julius von RICHARDSON, Henry Hobson RIEFENSTAHL, Leni RIEFF, Philip RIEMANN, Georg Friedrich Bernhard RILEY, Bridget RILKE, Rainer Maria RIMBAUD, Arthur RIMSKY-KORSAKOV, Nikolay RIOPELLE, Jean-Paul RIVERA, Diego RIVERS, W. H. R. ROBBE-GRILLET, Alain ROCKWELL, Norman RODGERS, Richard RODIN, Franc¸ois-Auguste-Rene´ ROETHKE, Theodore ROGERS, Carl ROGERS, Richard ROHMER, Eric ROLFE, Frederick (Baron CORVO) ROLLING STONES, The ROOSEVELT, Franklin D. ROSSETTI, Christina ROSSETTI, Dante Gabriel ROSTAND, Edmond ROTH, Philip ROTHKO, Mark ROUAULT, Georges ROUSSEAU, Henri RUSHDIE, Salman RUSKIN, John RUSSELL, Bertrand RUSTIN, Bayard RUTHERFORD, Ernest RYLE, Gilbert SAID, Edward SAIGO TAKAMORI SAINT-SAENS, Charles Camille SALINGER, J.D. SANDBURG, Carl SANTAYANA, George SAPIR, Edward SARDOU, Victorien SARGENT, John Singer SARRAUTE, Nathalie SARTRE, Jean-Paul SATIE, Erik SAUSSURE, Ferdinand de SCHENKER, Heinrich SCHLICK, Moritz SCHLIEMANN, Heinrich SCHNITTKE, Alfred SCHOENBERG, Arnold SCHRODINGER, Erwin SCORSESE, Martin SCOTT, Gilbert SCOTT, Ridley SCRIABIN, Aleksandr SEARLE, John SEBALD, Winfried Georg SEN, Amartya SENGHOR, Le´opold Se´dar SEURAT, Georges SHAH, Idries SHAW, George Bernard SHAW, Norman SHOLOKHOV, Mikhail SHOSTAKOVICH, Dmitri SIBELIUS, Jean SICKERT, Walter SIMMEL, Georg SINGER, Isaac Bashevis SIRK, Douglas SISLEY, Alfred SKINNER, B. F. SMETANA, Bedich SMITH, David SMITH, William Robertson SOLZHENITSYN, Aleksandr SONDHEIM, Stephen SOREL, Georges SOUTINE, Chaim SOYINKA, Wole SPENCER, Herbert SPENCER, (Sir) Stanley SPENGLER, Oswald SPIELBERG, Steven SPOCK, Benjamin STALIN, Joseph STANISLAVSKY, Konstantin STANLEY, Henry Morton STANTON, Elizabeth Cady STEIN, Gertrude STEINBECK, John STELLA, Frank STEVENS, Wallace STEVENSON, Robert Louis STOCKHAUSEN, Karlheinz STOPES, Marie STOPPARD, (Sir) Tom STOWE, Harriet Beecher STRACHEY, Lytton STRAUSS, David Friedrich STRAUSS, Johann STRAUSS, Leo STRAUSS, Richard STRAVINSKY, Igor STRAWSON, Peter STRINDBERG, August SUKARNO, Ahmed SULLIVAN, (Sir) Arthur SULLIVAN, Louis Henry SULSTON, (Sir) John SUZUKI DAISETSU TEITARO SWINBURNE, Algernon Charles SYNGE, J. M. SZASZ, Thomas Stephen SZYMANOWSKI, Karol TAGORE, Rabindranath TAINE, Hippolyte- TAKEMITSU TORU TANGE KENZO TANIZAKI JUNICHIRO TAPIES, Antoni TARKOVSKY, Andrei TARSKI, Alfred TAWNEY, R. H. TCHAIKOVSKY, Petr TENNYSON, Alfred (Lord) THATCHER, Margaret THESIGER, Wilfred THOM, Rene´ THOMAS, Dylan THOMAS, Philip Edward THOMAS, R. S. HOREAU, Henry David TILLICH, Paul TINBERGEN, Nikolaas TINGUELY, Jean TIPPETT, (Sir) Michael TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis de TOLKIEN, J. R. R. TOLSTOY, Lev TOULOUSE-LAUTREC, Henri de TOYNBEE, Arnold TROLLOPE, Anthony TROTSKY, Leon TRUFFAUT, Franc¸ois TURGENEV, Ivan TURING, Alan TURNER, Frederick Jackson TWAIN, Mark TYLOR, (Sir) Edward Burnett TZARA, Tristan UNAMUNO, Miguel de UPDIKE, John UTRILLO, Maurice VALERY, Paul VAN DER POST, Laurens VAN GOGH, Vincent VARESE, Edgar VARGAS LLOSA, Mario VAUGHAN WILLIAMS, Ralph VEBLEN, Thorstein VELDE, Henri van de VERDI, Giuseppe VERGA, Giovanni VERLAINE, Paul VERNE, Jules VERTOV, Dziga VICTORIA and ALBERT VIDAL, Gore VIOLA, Bill VIOLLET-LE-DUC, Euge`ne VISCONTI, Luchino VON FOERSTER, Heinz VON NEUMANN, John VON STERNBERG, Josef VONNEGUT, Kurt, Jr WAGNER, Richard WAJDA, Andrzej WALCOTT, Derek WEBER, Max WEBERN, Anton von WEDEKIND, Frank WEIL, Simone WEILL, Kurt WEIZMANN, Chaim WELLES, Orson WELLS, H. G. WHARTON, Edith WHISTLER, James Abbot McNeill WA L-E. SA, Lech WHITE, Patrick WALEY, Arthur WALLACE, Alfred WARD, Mrs Humphry WARHOL, Andy WASHINGTON, Booker T. WATSON, James Dewey WATSON, John Broadus WAUGH, Evelyn WEBB, Beatrice and Sidney WHITEHEAD, Alfred North WHITMAN, Walt WIENER, Norbert WILDE, Oscar WILLIAMS, Bernard WILLIAMS, Raymond WILLIAMS, Tennessee WILLIAMS, William Carlos WILSON, Edmund WINNICOTT, Donald WISTER, Owen WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig WODEHOUSE, P. G. WOLF, Hugo WOLFE, Tom WOOLF, Virginia WOOLF, Leonard WRIGHT, Frank Lloyd WRIGHT, Richard WUNDT, Wilhelm WYETH, Andrew YEANG, Ken YEATS, Jack YEATS, William Butler YEVTUSHENKO, Yevgeny YOSHIHARA JIRO ZAMYATIN, Yevgeniy ZAWAHIRI, Ayman ZOLA, Emile ZWEIG, Stefan