Crouch handles the model and the exceptions with aplomb. His sources are primarily literary; as he himself says, his monograph is largely a study of "genre." Using normative sources such as conduct manuals, of which he displays a masterly command, Crouch exhaustively details the pan-European development and debate on elite self-definition via modes of behavior in the high Middle Ages.
David Crouch is retired Professor of Medieval History at the University of Hull. His many books have focused on areas of research surrounding the social and political history of the period from 1000 to 1300, primarily in England and France. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2014.