Section 1. From exercise to addiction: an introduction to the phenomenon; 1. Exercise addiction: evolution and challenges for its recognition as a clinical disorder Álvaro Sicilia, Manuel Alcaraz-Ibáñez, Adrian Paterna and Mark D. Griffiths; 2. From exercise to addiction: the fitspirational era of image and performance-enhancement Stefano Pallanti and Alice C. English; 3. The Covid-19 pandemic: a novel risk factor for exercise addiction and related disorders Franca Ceci, Francesco Di Carlo, Julius Burkauskas, Giovanni Martinotti and Massimo Di Giannantonio; 4. Excessive exercise and image- and performance-enhancing drug use among sports disciplines and the role of mind-body training Hironobu Fujiwara and Mami Shibata; 5. The ideal of the perfect body: appearance anxiety, excessive exercising and use of image- and performance-enhancing drugs Artemisa R. Dores and Irene P. Carvalho; 6. Exercise, fitspiration and the role of social media Ilaria De Luca, Dorotea Cicconcelli, Valentina Giorgetti and Ornella Corazza; 7. Eating disorders and over-exercise Charlotte Taylor, Kate Brown and Konstantinos Ioannidis; 8. Exercise and the use of image- and performance-enhancing drugs within the gym environment Jim McVeigh, Martin Chandler and Gemma Anne Yarwood; 9. Bodybuilding, exercise and image- and performance-enhancing drug use during the Covid-19 pandemic Honor D. Townshend and Anna Tippett; 10. How to treat exercise addiction: psychological interventions and new pharmacological perspectives Ilaria De Luca, Attilio Negri and Giuseppe Bersani; Section 2. Reaching the extreme with exercise: a collection of clinical case studies 11. Being versus appearing: two sides of the same coin? A case report Artemisa R. Dores and Pedro Morgado; 12. Reducing excessive exercise behaviour using online Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy: the case of a middle-aged adult Merve Denizci Nazlıgül; 13. The story of my life Thomas Brosnan; 14. Money Honey: an interview with an 'informed' patient Silvia Rossato, Pierluigi Simonato and Angela Scoppettone; Section 3. Exploring the motivations behind exercise addiction 15. Bodybuilding saved my life Andrea Corbett; 16. An interview with James Hollingshead: exploring the balance between focus, professionalism and addiction Roisin Mooney; 17. An interview with Dave Croslands: a life with performance-enhancing drugs Valeria Catalani; 18. Being comfortable in your own skin Oluyinka Idowu.
