The Blood-Retinal Barriers

ISBN-13: 9781475746570 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 391 str.

Jose G. Cunha-Vaz

Opis

The concept of a blood retinal barrier is still relatively new in the ophthalmic literature. fuereas work on the blood-brain barrier was initiated in the first decade of this century, the blood- retinal barrier has only recently been defined. Information accu- mulated during the last 10 years has shown that the function of the blood-ocular barriers may be better understood if two main barrier systems are considered to exist in the eye. The blood-aqueous barrier regulates the exchanges between the blood and the intraocu- lar fluids, and the blood-retinal barrier separates the neural tissue from the blood. Recent studies have shown that the blood-retinal barrier plays a fundamental role in controlling the microenvironment of the retina. Similarly, the significance of the blood-retinal barrier in retinal disease has become increasingly clear. Fluorescein angiography has demonstrated an intricate series of relationships between altera- tions of the blood-retinal barrier and diverse retinal diseases, particularly vascular retinopathies and pigment epitheliopathies. Finally, in the past few years, vitreous fluorophotometry has pro- vided a new and accurate index of the alteration of the blood-retinal barrier.

Spis treści

I General Aspects of Membrane Permeability.- Structure and Function of Cell Membranes.- Biophysical Aspects of Membrane Permeability.- II Sites and Functions of the Blood-Brain and Blood-Retinal Barriers.- Cerebral Endothelium, Blood-Brain-Barrier and the Astrocyte Membrane.- Cerebrovascular Permeability in the Normal Brain and Following Osmotic Opening.- Sites and Functions of the Blood-Retinal Barriers.- III Transport at the Blood-Brain and Blood-Retinal Barriers.- Alterations of Amino Acid Transport in the Central Nervous System.- Transport Functions of the Blood-Retinal Barrier System and the Microenvironment of the Retina.- Drug Exchanges between Blood and Vitreous.- Drainage of Intraocular Fluids.- IV Methods of Evaluation of the Blood-Retinal Barriers.- Vitreous Fluorophometry.- Fluorescein Angiography and the Blood-Retinal Barriers.- V Pathology of the Blood-Retinal Barriers.- Pathology of the Blood-Retinal Barrier.- Retinal Edema: Postulated Mechanisms(s).- Acute Hypertension and Experimental Diabetes: Evaluation of their Effects on Blood-Ocular Barriers.- Experimental Inner Retinal Ischemia and Blood-Retinal Barriers.- Experimental Retinal Angiogenesis.- VI Clinical Significance of Alteration of the Blood-Retinal Barriers.- Diseases Affecting the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier.- Significance of Alteration of the Outer Blood-Retinal Barrier.- Participants.