The Biology of Deer

ISBN-13: 9781461276678 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 596 str.

Robert D. Brown

Opis

The first International Conference on the Biology of Deer Production was held at Dunedin, New Zealand in 1983. That meeting provided, for the first time, a forum for those with interests in either wild deer management or farmed deer production to come together. Scientists, wild deer managers, domestic deer farmers, veterinarians, venison and antler product producers, and others were able to discuss common problems and to share their knowledge and experience. The relationships formed at that meeting, and the information amassed in the resulting Proceedings, sparked new endeavors in cervid research, management, and production. A great deal has taken place in the world of deer biology since 1983. Wild deer populations, although ever increasing in many areas of the world, face new hazards of habitat loss, environmental contamination, and overexploitation. Some species are closer to extinction than ever. Game managers often face political as well as biological challenges. Many more deer are now on farms, leading to greater concerns about disease control and increased needs for husbandry information. Researchers have accumulated considerable new in formation, some of it in areas such as biochemical genetics, not discussed in 1983."

Spis treści

Opening Address.- 1 Plenary Lecture: The Status of Deer in a Changing World Environment.- 1: Biology of Wild Populations.- 2 Plenary Lecture: Cohort Variation in Reproduction and Survival: Implications for Population Demography.- 3 Habitat Relationships and Population Dynamics of Deer in the Intensively Farmed Midwestern United States.- 4 Current Status of Red and Fallow Deer Populations in Chile: The Need of Management.- 5 Red Deer Population Dynamics in Hungary: Management Statistics Versus Modeling.- 6 Desert Mule Deer Mortality and the Central Arizona Project.- 7 Deer Condition Response to Changing Harvest Strategy, Davis Island, Mississippi.- 8 Activity and Movement Patterns of Young White-Tailed Deer Fawns.- 9 Fetal Growth Rate Estimation from Length and Date of Death.- 10 Neonatal Elk Habitat in Central Arizona.- 11 Recruitment and Loss in an Unhunted Subtropical White-Tailed Deer Population (Abstract).- 12 Biology of a Colonizing, Unharvested Population of Elk in Western Washington (Abstract).- 13 Tule Elk on Private Lands: Species Preservation, Habitat Protection, or Wildlife Commercialization? (Abstract).- 14 The Gas Molecule Theory: Dispersal and Management of White-Tailed Deer (Abstract).- Adaptive Management of Coues White-Tailed Deer in Durango, Mexico: Is the Combined Production of Deer and Cattle Feasible? (Abstract).- 16 Deer Management and Economic Development in Southern New Guinea (Abstract).- 17 Stereotypic Behaviors of the Barking Deer in Nepal (Abstract).- 18 Population Dynamics and Yield of a Dense Moose Population Without Predators (Abstract).- 19 Quantification of Mule Deer Carrying Capacity in South-Central Oregon (Abstract).- 20 Spatial Component in Reproductive Performance in Desert Mule Deer (Abstract).- 21 Comparative Foraging Ecology of White-Tailed Deer and Angora Goats (Abstract).- 22 Deer/Habitat Interactions on Coronation Island, Southeast Alaska (Abstract).- 23 Classification of Fallow Deer Groups According to Size Under Deer Park Conditions (Abstract).- 24 Population Dynamics and Estimation of Maximum Sustained Yield (MSY) in a Black-Tailed Deer Population (Abstract).- 25 Resource Partitioning by Ungulates in Central Texas: A Simulation Approach (Abstract).- 2: Animal Health and Disease.- 26 Plenary Lecture: The Biology of a Fatal Herpesvirus Infection of Deer (Malignant Catarrhal Fever).- 27 Elk Disease Survey in Western Canada and Northwestern United States.- 28 Vaccination to Control Brucellosis in Free-Ranging Elk on Western Wyoming Feed Grounds.- 29 Observations on the Relative Susceptibility to Disease of Different Species of Deer Farmed in New Zealand.- 30 The Impact of Domestication on Red Deer Immunity and Disease Resistance.- 31 A Review of Yersiniosis in Farmed Red Deer in New Zealand.- 32 Laboratory Assays for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus).- 33 Influence of Xylazine on Hematology Values in Farmed Red Deer.- 34 Monoclonal Antibodies to Leukocyte Subpopulations in Deer and Exotic Ruminants.- 35 Social Status and Parasitic Infection in Red Deer Stags (Abstract).- 36 Nonspecific Immunity in Sika Deer (Abstract).- 37 Paratuberculosis in Deer (Abstract).- 38 Pasteurella-Related Mortality in Park Fallow Deer (Abstract).- 39 Immobilization of Norwegian and Svalbard Reindeer with Medetomidine and Medetomidine-ketamine and Reversal with Atipamezole (Abstract).- 40 Pathology of Naturally Occurring Diseases in Deer at Nandankanan Biological Park (Abstract).- 41 Causes of Mortality in Indian Deer at Nandankanan Biological Park (Abstract).- 42 Identification of 36 Strains of Mycobacteria from Deer (Abstract).- 3: Management and Behavior of Farmed Deer.- 43 Plenary Lecture: Requirements for Managing Farmed Dee.- 44 Farming of Wapiti and Wapiti Hybrids in New Zealand.- 45 Effects of Stocking Density, Feeding, and Herd Management on Mortality of Park Deer.- 46 Management Strategies for Farmed Chital Deer.- 47 Production Cycles and Characteristics of Rusa Deer in Queensland, Australia.- 48 Venison Production from Grazing Young Red Deer Stags: Effects of Pasture Type and Immunization Against Melatonin.- 49 Measuring the Responses of Fallow Deer to Disturbance.- 50 Seasonal Pattern of Births, Female Reproductive Success and Causes of Neonate Mortality of Farmed Red Deer and Fallow Deer in Northern New Zealand (Abstract).- 51 Matching of Pasture Growth Rate, Animal Requirements, and Animal Performance to Establish Stocking Policies for Farming Red Deer Under New Zealand Grassland Farming Conditions (Abstract).- 52 Profitability of Farming Red Deer in New Zealand (Abstract).- 53 Responses of Farmed Red Deer to Being Handled (Abstract).- 54 A Study on the Biological Characteristics of Sika Deer (Abstract).- 55 Hungarian Red Deer and Its Potential Performance as a Farm Deer (Abstract).- 4: Deer Products.- 56 Plenary Lecture: Venison and Other Deer Products.- 57 Body Composition of Female Svalbard Reindeer: The Effects of Age and Reproductive Status.- 58 Evaluation of Carcass Composition Changes to Fallow Bucks Castrated Prepuberally.- 59 Legal Status of Exotic Deer Throughout the United States.- 60 Harvest Considerations for Free-Ranging Venison Production in Texas.- 5: Reproduction.- 61 Plenary Lecture: Reeproduction in Deer: Adaptations for Life in Seasonal Environments.- 62 Influence of Plane of Nutrition on Seasonal Changes in Food Intake and Reproduction in Grazing Red Deer.- 63 Patterns of LH Secretion in Cycling and Seasonally Anestrous Pere David’s Deer Hinds.- 64 Reproductive Success of Female Fallow Deer in Relation to Age and Condition.- 65 Impact of Melatonin on Time of Breeding in Farmed Red Deer.- 66 Duration of Melatonin Treatment Affects the Timing of Puberty in Young Red Deer Hinds.- 67 Field Studies of Advancing the Breeding Season in Farmed Red Deer Using Melatonin Implants: Two Dosage Regimes and the Influence of the Stag.- 68 Induction of Ovulation in Pere David’s Deer Hinds at Two Stages of Seasonal Anestrus.- 69 Sexual Attraction in White-Tailed Deer.- 70 Artificial Insemination of Farmed Chital Deer.- 71 Changes in Live Weight and the Reproductive Tract of Farmed Red Deer Stags from 6 to 27 Months of Age.- 72 Influence of Sex, Habitat, and Genotype on the Growth Patterns of White-Tailed Deer.- 73 Temporal Relationship Between Estrus, the Preovulatory LH Surge, and Ovulation in Fallow Deer (Abstract).- 74 Reproductive Behavior of Captive Chital Deer in Australia: Seasonal Changes and a Comparison of Activity During Restricted and Unrestricted Mating Periods (Abstract).- 75 Mating Tactics in the Male Roe Deer (Abstract).- 76 Effects of Strategic Short-term and Long-term Melatonin Treatment on Estrous Cyclicity in Fallow Deer (Abstract).- 77 Effects of Melatonin Implants in White-Tailed Deer (Abstract).- 78 Synchronization and Superovulation in Captive White-Tailed Deer (Abstract).- 79 Studies on Superovulation and Embryo Recovery in Farmed Red and Fallow Deer (Abstract).- 80 Real-time Ultrasonography for Pregnancy Diagnosis and Fetal Age Estimation in Red Deer from Conception to 40 Days’ Gestation (Abstract).- 81 Breeding Performance of Female Chinese Muntjac Deer in England (Abstract).- 82 Variation in Mating Systems of Fallow Deer in Relation to Ecology (Abstract).- 83 Variation in Conception Dates in Black-Tailed Deer in Western Washington (Abstract).- 84 Aspects of Placentation in White-Tailed Deer (Abstract).- 85 Establishing Early Pregnancy by the Evaluation of the Serum Progesterone Level (Abstract).- 86 Circadian and Circannual Melatonin Secretion in Finnish Semidomesticated Reindeer (Abstract).- 6: Genetics.- 87 Plenary Lecture: Application of Biochemical Genetics to Deer Management: What the Gels Tell.- 88 DNA Probes for Identification of Cervidae.- 89 Prenatal Reproductive Losses in White-Tailed Deer.- 90 Genetic Variability and Secondary Productivity (Abstract).- 91 Effect of Social Structure on Genetic Structure of White-Tailed Deer in the Central Adirondack Mountains (Abstract).- 92 Establishment of Mesopotamia Fallow Deer in New Zealand and Their Hybridization with European Fallow Deer (Abstract).- 93 Hybridization of Pere David’s and Red Deer (Abstract).- 94 Genetic Variation, Parentage Testing, and Hybrid Identification in New Zealand Red Deer (Abstract).- 95 Importance of Habitat Considerations in Interpreting Electrophoretic Data for White-Tailed Deer Populations (Abstract).- 7: Nutrition and Physiology.- 96 Plenary Lecture: Nutrition in Relation to Season, Lactation, and Growth of North Temperate Deer.- 97 Reevaluation of the Basal Metabolic Cycle in White-Tailed Deer.- 98 Nutritional Strategies and Winter Survival of European Roe Deer in Norway.- 99 A Pattern of Plasma Potassium Concentrations in Adult Red Deer Stags.- 100 Indigestible Particulate Passage in White-Tailed Deer.- 101 Effects of Thyroidectomy on Seasonal Patterns of Live Weight, Testicular Function, Antler Development, and Molting in Red Deer.- 102 Volatile Fatty Acids, pH, Dry Matter, and Lactic Acid of the Rumen Contents of Sika Deer.- 103 Importance of Copper Supplementation in Farmed Red Deer.- 104 Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Intake on Body Reserve Deposition and Milk Production in Caribou and Reindeer (Abstract).- 105 A Bioenergetics Model for Evaluating the Quality of Moose Winter Habitats (Abstract).- 106 Effects of Supplemental Feeding on White-Tailed Deer Migration in Wisconsin (Abstract).- 107 Voluntary Feed Intake and Digestion in Farmed Red Deer Stags: A Comparison with Goats and Sheep (Abstract).- 108 Fatty Acid Composition in the Bone Marrow Fats of Cervidae (Abstract).- 109 Urine Sampling Techniques for Semidomesticated Reindeer (Abstract).- 110 Annual Periodicity of Total Blood Thyroxine (T4) in Male Fallow Deer: Problems and Experiences (Abstract).- 111 Seasonal Differences in Pasture Species Preferences by Red and Fallow Deer in New Zealand (Abstract).- 112 In vitro Digestibility of Fall Forages by Coexisting Deer Species in Texas (Abstract).- 113 Biomechanics and Ecological Application of Escape Gaits by White-Tailed Deer, Mule Deer, and Their Hybrids (Abstract).- 114 Intake, Digestion, and Passage Kinetics of Two Ruminants (Abstract).- 115 Value of “Hobble Creek” Mountain Big Sagebrush as a Winter Forage for Mule Deer (Abstract).- 8: Antler Physiology.- 116 Plenary Lecture: Recent Advances in the Physiological Control of Velvet Antler Growth.- 117 Antler Growth Patterns in Young Red Deer Stags.- 118 Antler Growth in Male and Female Reindeer Calves Occurs in the Absence of the Gonads.- 119 Seasonal Regulation of the Sexual Cycle and Antler Growth in Roe Deer: Evidence for an Endogenous Rhythm.- 120 Antler Growth in Roe Deer: Effects of Casting and Correlations with Growth Hormone and Insulin Like Growth Factor I.- 121 Studies on Cells Derived from Growing Deer Antler.- 122 Antler Cycles of a White-Tailed Deer with Congenital Anophthalmia.- 123 State of Determination of the Antlerogenic Tissues with Special Reference to Double-head Formation.- 124 Investigation of Endocrine Parameters in Chital Deer in Relation to Their Antler Cycle (Abstract).- 125 Antler Growth in Red Deer Stags Implanted with an Antiandrogen (Abstract).- 126 Artificial Production of Three-Antlered Red Deer Stags (Abstract).- 127 Influence of Ecological Factors on the Development of Sika Deer Antlers (Abstract).- 128 Production of l,25(OH)2D by Deer Antler Cells (Abstract).- Special Section: The Commercialization of Deer.- 129 Commercialization of Wildlife: A Value-Added Incentive for Conservation.- 130 Deer Ranching for Products and Paid Hunting: Threat to Conservation and Biodiversity by Luxury Markets.- Closing Address.- 131 Biology of Seasonal Breeding in Deer.- Workshops.- Disease and Immune Systems.- Bioenergetics and Estimation of Carrying Capacity.- Endangered Species.- Venison Marketing and International Trade.- Chemical Immobilization.- Genetics.- Artificial Breeding.- Evolution of the Cervidae.- Antler Development.- Pheromones.