The Automated City: Internet of Things and Ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence

ISBN-13: 9783030823207 / Angielski / Miękka / 2022

Seng W. Loke;Andry Rakotonirainy

Opis

The book outlines the concept of the Automated City, in the context of smart city research and development. While there have been many other perspectives on the smart city such as the participatory city and the data-centric city, this book focuses on automation for the smart city based on current and emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. The book attempts to provide a balanced view, outlining the promises and potential of the Automated City as well as the perils and challenges of widespread automation in the city. 

The book discusses, at some depth, automated vehicles, urban robots and urban drones as emerging technologies that will automate many aspects of city life and operation, drawing on current work and research literature. The book also considers broader perspectives of the future city, in the context of automation in the smart city, including aspirational visions of cities, transportation, new business models, and socio-technological challenges, from urban edge computing, ethics of the Automated City and smart devices, to large scale cooperating autonomous systems in the city. 

Spis treści

1 An Overview of Technology Trends towards Smarter Cities

1.1 The Rise of Automation

1.2 The Rise of Smart Cities

1.3 Technology in Cities in the midst of a Pandemic

1.3.1 Robots Helping to Deal with Infectious Diseases

1.3.2 Delivery Robots

1.3.3 Delivery Drones

1.3.4 Drones, Robots, AI and Wireless Signals for Monitoring and Enforcement

1.3.5 Mobile App for Social Contact Tracing and Location-Based Visualizations

1.3.6 Government Health Notifications and Advice via Smartphones

1.3.7 Data Analytics for the City

1.3.8 Smart Public Transport Stations

1.3.9 Discussion

1.4 An Overview of Trends in Technology

1.4.1 Internet of Things (IoT), Ubiquitous Computing

1.4.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics

1.4.3 Platforms, Sharing Economy, Urban Apptivism, and City Operating Systems

1.4.4 Digital Tools for Participation, Human Coordination, and Hackable Smart Cities

1.4.5 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and Automated Vehicles (AVs)

1.5 Conceptualisations of the Smart City

1.5.1 Smart City Standards

1.5.2 Three Focus Areas of Technology in Smart Cities

1.6 Towards Smarter Cities

References

2 The Automated City: Concept and Metaphors

2.1 The Automated City in Relation to Current and Emerging Technologies: Concept

2.1.1 Automation of Large Scale City Systems

2.1.2 Predictive and Proactive Cities, and the Availability of Data

2.1.3 Robots Everywhere

2.1.4 Self-Repairing Cities, Self-Organizing Cities and Self-Regenerating Cities

2.1.5 The Automated City as a “Living” Machine

2.2 The Automated City in Relation to its Inhabitants: Metaphors

2.2.1 Machines as Partners: Machines Living in Human Environments

2.2.2 Machines as Hosts: Humans Living Inside Machines

2.2.3 Machines as Art: Machines as Expressions of Human Living

2.2.4 The Humane Automated City

2.3 The Automated City: a Working Definition

References

3 Automated Vehicles, Urban Robots and Drones: Three Elements of the Automated City

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Automated Vehicles (AVs)

3.2.1 The Potential of Automated Vehicles

3.2.2 Issues and Limitations

3.2.3 Summary on Automated Vehicles

3.3 Urban Robots

3.3.1 The Potential of Urban Robots

3.3.2 Issues and Limitations

3.3.3 Summary on Urban Robots

3.4 Urban Drones

3.4.1 The Potential of Urban Drones

3.4.2 Issues and Limitations

3.4.3 Summary on Urban Drones

3.5 Summary of Chapter

References

4 The Future of the Automated City: Social, Technical and Ethical Perspectives

4.1 Visions of Future Cities

4.1.1 The Walkable City and Urban Hubs

4.1.2 Trees, Energy, the Green City and Sustainability

4.1.3 Other Visions of the Future City

4.1.4 Impacts of Technology on Citizens and Workforce - What Do We Want City Inhabitants to Become?

4.1.5 Which Vision?

4.1.6 The Evolution of Cities: Bottom-Up or Top-Down? 

4.2 Governance

4.2.1 Policies

4.2.2 Governance by Algorithms

4.3 New Business Models

4.4 Urban Transportation

4.5 Real-Time Tracking

4.6 Urban Edge Computing

4.7 Blockchain for Smart Cities

4.8 Massive Cooperation

4.8.1 Platforms for Massive Cooperation 

4.8.2 Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (Coop-ITS) 

4.8.3 Cooperative Vehicles and Applications

4.8.4 Cooperative-By-Design

4.8.5 Cooperative Internet of Things

4.9 Trust and Ethics in AI and the Automated City

4.9.1 Trusting Machines

4.9.2 Can AI and the Automated City be Dangerous?

4.9.3 Ethical Algorithms in the Automated City

4.9.4 Ethical Algorithmic Behaviour for Smart Connected Things

4.10 Summary of Chapter

References

5 Conclusion

5.1 The City in Physical Space and in Cyber Space

5.2 What Use Will the Automated City Have? Reflections on the Post-Pandemic City

5.3 Its Not All About the Technology

References 

Index

O autorze

Professor Seng W. Loke received the B.Sc. (First Class Hons.) degree in Computer Science from the Australian National University and the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Melbourne, Australia, in 1994 and 1998, respectively. He is currently Professor in Computer Science within the School of Information Technology at Deakin University, Australia. He currently co-directs the Platforms and Applications Lab, in the Centre for Internet of Things ECOsystems Research and Experimentation (CITECORE) at Deakin's School of Information Technology. His research interests include the Internet of Things, cooperative vehicles, mobile computing, crowd computing, smart city, and social impacts of information technology. He authored “Context-Aware Pervasive Systems: Architectures for a New Breed of Applications” published by Auerbach (CRC Press), Dec 2006, and more recently authored “Crowd-Powered Mobile Computing and Smart Things” published by Springer in 2017. 

Professor Andry Rakotonirainy received the PhD degree in Computer Science from Sorbone University and INRIA (French National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology) in 1995. He is currently the Director of Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety Queensland (CARRS-Q) and founder of its Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) human factors research program. He has 25 years research and management experience in computer science, road safety and ITS design and implementation. He is currently a member of the Australian Research Council (ARC) College of Experts and is a regular member of EU funded research projects’ advisory boards. Professor Rakotonirainy’s research has been recognised both nationally and internationally. He has proactively investigated the use of existing and emerging ITS from multiple disciplines such as computer science, mathematics, human factors, engineering, psychology and sociology.