The Artistic Anatomy of Trees

ISBN-13: 9780486214757 / Angielski / Miękka / 1965 / 416 str.

Rex V. Cole

Opis

"Monumental book . . . Mr. Vicat Cole is a born teacher." -- Contemporary Review
"Mr. Vicat Cole's ability as a landscape painter is well known, and he unites to his executive talents the qualifications of an accomplished teacher." -- Connoisseur
"The name of the author is itself a guarantee that the subject is adequately treated. It is handled in a systematic and lucid way, which the novice . . . can follow with ease." -- Studio
For years greatly admired and widely used, this excellent text by one of Britain's foremost art instructors has achieved the status of a classic in its field. The author, also a noted landscape painter, offers complete and accurate instruction in painting and drawing trees to all serious artists -- beginner or advanced, amateur or professional. Its extremely comprehensive and detailed coverage has earned this volume a permanent place in the libraries of landscape painters, students, and teachers.
Every aspect of trees and how to depict them -- in any style -- is covered with unusual clarity and precision; problems of balancing tree groups, relations of light and shade, delicacy and weight, distance, sky apertures and their patterns, curves and straight lines in tree branches, tree color, the influence of special environmental factors (age, frost and snow, wind, moonlight), the effects of bud arrangements on the anatomy of trees, etc. Of special value is the very thorough and lucid analysis of tree anatomy: the proportion of boughs, branches, and twigs; the positioning of leaves on twigs; the form, texture, and color of leaves; leaf patterns; flower arrangement; stipules, bracts, buds, scales, spines, seedlings, the bark, and all the other essential details of structure. Specific information is given for each tree discussed: oaks, sycamores, willows, pines, maples, etc.; abstract and inaccurate generalizations are avoided. Nearly 500 illustrations by the author accompany the text, demonstrating all the anatomical features discussed. In addition, there are 48 full-page plates: magnificent landscape paintings and drawings by Giorgione, Rubens, Rembrandt, Van der Neer, Watteau, Hobbema, Turner, Gainsborough, Dupre, and many others, showing their compositional use of trees, their details in rendering, and similar material.

Spis treści

GENERAL INTRODUCTION-Painting and drawingPART I TREES CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO PAINTINGI. "The painting of trees illustrated by a chronological series of pictures, with some descriptive notes"II. What to look for in trees:BalanceSingle treesTrees in massesIn groupsCompositionIII. "Balance of dark spaces with light, and of large masses with small"Weight of masses and delicacyTrees seen near and far offIV. Trees seen against the skyPatterns formed by sky aperturesV. The outline of a treeVI. Lines of the branchesCurvesStraight lines and elbowsVII. Variety in light and shadeVariety in colourSome causes of thisVIII. Influence of situationHow trees adapt themselves to it"Effect of age, wind, frost, and snow"MoonlightIX. Associations connected with treesPART II THE ANATOMY OF A TREEX. IntroductoryXI. Outline forms of treesA short comparison of some speciesXII. The likeness between twig and boughThe difference between shoot and twigThe arrangement of buds on the shoot:(1) opposite buds(2) buds arranged singly(3) buds crowded in groupsXIII. The effects produced on the branch anatomy of a tree by(1) "opposite buds, the constant failure of buds"(2) (a) buds arranged singly in two rows(2) (b) in three or more rows(3) (c) buds clustered in groupsTwigs arrested in growthAdditional budsDifferent branch systems of young and old treesXIV. How a tree is built upPART III THE DETAILS OF TREESXV. IntroductoryXVI. LeavesHow they are set on the twigs:(a) right-angled pairs(b) arranged singly in two rows(c) in more than two rows(d) leaves clusteredThe position of old and young leavesLeaf-stalks and how leaves are set on the twigsDurtion of leavesXVII. Leaves (continued)Forms of young leavesTexture of leavesTheir colourLeaf patternsThe marginThe veinsThe planes of a leafXVIII. FlowersThe way flowers are arranged :(1) " Indefinite "(2) " Definite " inflorescence"" Raceme" " catkin," " capitum," " corymb," " umbel," " cyme "XIX. Flowers (continued)"Shapes of flowers: " complete," " incomplete," " male," " female," " bisexual," " unisexual ""Trees that are " monoecious," " dioecious," " trioecious," " polygamous"The construction of flowersXX. FruitsWinged fruits"Cones: " drupe," " pome," " nut," " berry "Construction of fruitsXXI. Lesser details:StipulesBractsBudsScalesSpinesSeedlingsThe bardAPPENDIX-The Distribution of Trees in EuropeBIBLIOGRAPHYINDEX TO DRAWINGS BY THE AUTHORto the Pictures reproduced in this Volumeto Letterpress