The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology

ISBN-13: 9780442231712 / Angielski / Twarda / 1989 / 888 str.

Yvonne Herman

Opis

The Arctic region has long held a fascination for explorers and scientists of many countries. Despite the numerous voyages of exploration, the na ture of the central Arctic was unknown only 90 years ago; it was believed to be a shallow sea dotted with islands. During Nansen's historic voyage on the polarship Fram, which commenced in 1893, the great depth of the central basin was discovered. In the Soviet Union, investigation of the Arctic Ocean became national policy after 1917. Today research at several scientific institutions there is devoted primarily to the study of the North Polar Ocean and seas. The systematic exploration of the Arctic by the United States com menced in 1951. Research has been conducted year-round from drifting ice islands, which are tabular fragments of glacier ice that break away from ice shelves. Most frequently, ice islands originate off the northern coast of Ellesmere Island. These research platforms are occupied as weather sta tions, as well as for oceanographic and geophysical studies. Several inter national projects, conducted by Canadian, European, and U. S. groups, have been underway during the last three decades. Although much new data have accumulated since the publication of the Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arctic Seas volume in 1974 (Yvonne Herman, ed. ), in various fields of polar research-including present-day ice cover, hydrogra phy, fauna, flora, and geology-many questions remain to be answered."

Recenzje

`[This book] should provide a welcome insight into studies underway in the Soviet Union, the results of which are not always readily accessible to researchers in the West.'
Geographical Journal

Spis treści

1. The Present Climate of the Arctic Ocean and Possible Past and Future States.- 2. Arctic Ice-Ocean Dynamics.- 3. Chemical Oceanography of the Arctic Ocean.- 4. Polar Marine Ecosystem Evolution.- 5. Arctic Sea-Ice Biota.- 6. Primary Production, Chlorophyll, Light, and Nutrients Beneath the Arctic Sea Ice.- 7. Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton.- 8. Foraminifera and Pteropoda Beneath the Arctic Sea Ice: New Distributions.- 9. Ecology of Arctic Ocean Cryopelagic Fauna.- 10. Evolution of Arctic Ecosystems During the Neogene Period.- 11. Distributional Patterns of Echinoderms in the Eurasian Sector of the Arctic Ocean.- 12. Marine Bivalvia of the Arctic Ocean.- 13. Arctic Ocean Gastropod Prosobranchs.- 14. Arctic Ocean Bryozoa.- 15. Arctic Ocean Mysids (Crustacea, Mysidacea): Evolution, Composition, and Distribution.- 16. Hydrozoa of the Eurasian Arctic Seas.- 17. Arctic Ocean Cumacea.- 18. Quarternary Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy: The Eastern Arctic Ocean Record.- 19. Arctic Ocean Radiolarians.- 20. Diatoms in Arctic Shallow Seas Sediments.- 21. Ecology of Recent Foraminifera on the Canadian Continental Shelf of the Arctic Ocean.- 22. Thorium and Uranium Isotopes in Arctic Sediments.- 23. Late Neogene Arctic Paleoceanography: Micropaleontology, Stable Isotopes, and Chronology.- 24. Sediment Composition and Sedimentary Processes in the Arctic Ocean.- 25. Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Paleoceanography of the Barents Sea.- 26. The Last Glaciation of Eurasia.- 27. Geological and Paleoclimatic Evolution of the Arctic During Late Cenozoic Time.- 28. Organic Geochemistry of Barents Sea Sediments.- 29. Physiography and Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean Seafloor.- 30. Tectonic History of the Arctic Region from the Ordovician Through the Cretaceous.