The American Prison: Issues in Research and Policy

ISBN-13: 9781468456547 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 312 str.

Lynne Goodstein; Doris L. MacKenzie; Doris L. MacKenzie

Opis

Despite the dire forecasts of others who had themselves edited books, we proceeded with the project of an edited volume on the American prison, although with more than a little trepidation. We had heard the horror stories of authors turning in their chapters months or years late or never at all, of publishers delaying publication dates, of volumes that read more like patchwork quilts than finely loomed cloth. As if to prove the others wrong, our experience in editing this volume has been mar velous, and we think the volume reflects this. Most likely, the success of our experience and of the volume stems from two elements: first, the professionalism and commitment of the authors themselves; and second, the fact that early in the life of this volume, most of the authors convened for a conference to critique and coordinate the chapters. This book brings together an illustrious group of criminologists and correctional scholars who wrote chapters explicitly for this volume. Co hesiveness was furthered by the charge we gave to each author to (1) present the major issues, (2) review the empirical research, and (3) dis cuss the implications of this work for present and future correctional policy. The goal of this project was to examine the major correctional issues facing prison systems. The chapters scrutinize the issues from the perspective of the system and the individual, from theory to practical and daily management problems, from legal to psychological concerns."

Spis treści

1. Introduction: Issues in Correctional Research and Policy.- 1. The Prison as a Rational Organization.- 2. Prisons, Politics, and Demographics.- 3. The Private Sector and the Prison.- 4. The Prison and the Prisoner.- 5. The Prison as a System.- 6. The Future of Correctional Research.- I. Corrections as a System: Contemporary Issues.- 2. American Prisons in a Time of Crisis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Growth in Prison Population.- 2.1. Prison as Correction.- 2.2. The Demise of Rehabilitation.- 2.3. The Rise in the Call for Punishment.- 3. The Demographic Shift.- 4. Prospects for the Future.- 4.1. Continued Politicization.- 4.2. Demographic Prospects.- 5. Summary.- 6. References.- 3. The Effectiveness of Correctional Rehabilitation: Reconsidering the “Nothing Works” Debate.- 1. The “Nothing Works” Debate.- 1.1. The Martinson Phenomenon.- 1.2. The “Nothing Works” Doctrine in Context.- 1.3. Nothing Works? A Time for Reassessment.- 2. Effective Correctional Treatment: Prospects and Principles.- 2.1. Principles of Effective Correctional Intervention.- 2.2. Recent Research: Further Reason for Optimism.- 3. The Tenacity of Rehabilitative Ideology.- 4. Conclusion.- 5. References.- 4. Proprietary Prisons.- 1. The Recent Interest in Privatization.- 2. The Early Contracts.- 3. Private Prison Issues: Pros and Cons.- 4. The Propriety of Proprietary Prisons.- 5. Public and Private Prison Costs.- 5.1. The “Hidden Costs” of Corrections.- 5.2. Hamilton County: A Relatively Complete Cost Analysis.- 6. Summary and Conclusion.- 7. References.- II. Legal Issues in Contemporary Corrections.- 5. American Prisoners and the Right of Access to the Courts: A Vanishing Concept of Protection.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prison Policies and Practices Affecting the Right of Access to the Courts.- 2.1. U.S. Supreme Court Decisions.- 2.2. Prison Legal Assistance Programs and Their Impact.- 3. Procedural and Jurisdictional Obstacles to Inmate Access.- 3.1. Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871.- 3.2. Monroe v. Pape (1961) and Its Progeny.- 3.3. From Parratt (1981) to Daniels—Davidson (1986).- 4. Implications for Research on the Courts and Corrections.- 5. References.- 6. Cases.- 6. Gender and Justice: The Equal Protection Issue.- 1. Overview.- 2. Origins of the Problem.- 2.1. Women in Custodial Prisons.- 2.2. Women in Reformatory Prisons.- 2.3. Convergence of the Two Models.- 3. Numbers and “Nature”: Sources of Sex Discrimination Today.- 4. Legal Challenges.- 4.1. Jail Cases.- 4.2. State Prison Cases.- 4.3. The Limits and Potential of Litigation.- 5. Avoiding the Inevitable: Ways to Alleviate the Problem.- 5.1. Pooling Resources.- 5.2. Utilizing Community Resources.- 5.3. Architectural Innovations.- 5.4. Greater Use of Nonincarcerative Sanctions.- 6. References.- 7. Cases Cited.- 7. Criminal Sentencing Reform: Legacy for the Correctional System.- 1. Early Sentencing Reforms.- 2. Sentencing Reform in the 1980s.- 3. The Correctional Legacy of Sentencing Reform.- 3.1. Legislative Determinate Sentencing Systems.- 3.2. Sentencing Guidelines Reforms.- 4. Current Sentencing Reform Efforts.- 4.1. Current Concerns for Sentencing Reform.- 4.2. Characteristics of Current Reforms.- 5. Future Sentencing Structures.- 6. References.- III. Managing the Prison.- 8. Prison Labor and Industry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Many Faces of Prison Work: Three Conceptual Models.- 2.1. Implications of Multiple Goals.- 3. Historical Development of Inmate Labor Systems.- 4. Models of Prison Labor Organization.- 5. The Decline and Resurgence of Prison Work.- 6. A Contemporary Portrait.- 6.1. Institutional Maintenance/Service Tasks.- 6.2. Prison Industry.- 7. Toward More Effective Prison Labor: Empirical and Policy Issues.- 7.1. What Is the Goal of Prison Labor?.- 7.2. Can Prison Business Run Like a Business?.- 7.3. Does It Make a Difference?.- 8. Conclusion: The New Penology, or More of the Same?.- 9. References.- 9. Prison Classification: The Management and Psychological Perspectives.- 1. Introduction.- 2. A Historical Perspective.- 2.1. The Medical Model and an Emphasis on Psychology.- 2.2. A Theoretical Revolution in Corrections.- 2.3. Diversity in Classification.- 3. The Management Perspective.- 3.1. The Process.- 3.2. Use of Objective Systems.- 3.3. Custody and Security Decisions.- 3.4. Needs Assessment.- 4. The Psychological Perspective.- 4.1. Developmental Models.- 4.2. Problem-Area Models.- 5. A Comparison.- 6. References.- 10. Prison Guards as Agents of Social Control.- 1. Working in an Environment of Uncertainty and Dependency.- 2. The Formal Structure of Social Control.- 2.1. Challenges to the Traditional Structure of Control.- 2.2. Loss of Control and the Bases of Power.- 3. The Informal Structure of Social Control.- 3.1. Repression as a Means of Informal Control.- 3.2. Accommodation as a Means of Informal Control.- 4. Job Satisfaction, Service Delivery, and Social Control.- 4.1. Service Delivery as Job Enrichment and Control Enhancement.- 4.2. Service Delivery and Role Ambiguity.- 5. Conclusion.- 6. References.- IV. Living in Prison.- 11. Noncoping and Maladaptation in Confinement.- 1. The Multiproblem Inmate.- 2. Responding to the Noncoping Inmate.- 3. Disciplinary Responses to Eccentric Violations.- 4. Supplementing Disciplinary Responses.- 5. Improving Coping Skills: The Ethical Dilemma.- 6. A Regenerative Approach to the Chronic Offender.- 7. Obstacles and Resources.- 8. References.- 12. Inmate Adjustment to Prison.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Models of Prisoner Adjustment.- 3. Research on Prisoner Subcultures: The Deprivation Model.- 3.1. Prisonization and the Inmate Counterculture.- 3.2. Institutional Dependency.- 3.3. Deprivation Effects on Postrelease Outcome.- 4. The Importation Model: A Counterpoint to Deprivation.- 4.1. Empirical Tests of the Importation Model.- 5. Comparisons of Deprivation and Importation Models.- 6. Problems with the Prisonization Construct.- 7. How Harmful Are Effects of Prison Life?.- 8. Expanding Conceptions of Inmate Adjustment.- 9. Conclusion.- 10. References.- 13. Correctional Environments.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Review.- 2.1. Physical Characteristics of Environments.- 2.2. Transactional Models of Prison Environments.- 2.3. Policy Changes and the Disruption of Prison Environments.- 3. Conclusion.- 4. References.- V. Corrections Research and the Future.- Epilogue: The Researcher’s Work Is Never Done.- 1. Overcrowding.- 2. Prison Governance.- 3. The Prison Gang.- 4. Convicts in Segregation.- 5. References.