Temporal GIS: Advanced Functions for Field-Based Applications

ISBN-13: 9783642625633 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 219 str.

George Christakos; Patrick Bogaert; Marc Serre

Opis

Trustonlymovement. Life happens at the level of events not of words. Trust movement. A. Adler As its title suggests,the main goal of this book is the development of advanced fu- tions for field-based Temporal Geographical Information Systems (TGIS).These fields may describe a variety of natural, epidemiological, economical, and social phen- ena distributed across space and time.Within such a framework,the book makes an attempt to establish links between, (a) the currently conceived TGIS techniques, and (b) the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) techniques of Modern Spatiotemporal G- statistics.This link could be vital for offering significant improvements in the advanced functions of TGIS analysis and modelling, as well as generating useful information in a variety of real-world decision making and planning situations. To achieve the above goals, the eight Chapters of the book are organized around four main themes: Concepts, mathematical tools, computer programs, and applications. In fact, the focus is mainly on the step-by-step implementation of the compu- tional BME approach and the extensive use of illustrative examples and real-world applications.Indeed,because of the applied character of the present book,no detailed theoretical explanations or mathematical derivations are included. Instead,the reader is referred to the earlier book by Christakos (Modern Spatiotemporal Geostatistics, Oxford Univ.Press,New York, N.Y., 2000) for a comprehensive presentation of these BME aspects.With this in mind, the chapter-by-chapter organization of the book is described next.

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"I did enjoy reading this book. The authors presented information in an easily readable style and a generally logical format. ... this book would provide a workable basis and valuable doorway to the world of advanced TGIS." (Kerryn Robinson, The Australian Geologist, Issue 126, 2003)

"This is an attractive production from Springer ... . there is a useful section of references and an index. Concepts are clearly and cleverly interwoven with practical examples. The diagrams support the text and are clear on their own account. The text seems clearly written and carefully prepared. An instructor looking for a fresh approach to teaching statistical modelling to students in a variety of disciplines might find this book a delightful choice!" (Sandra L. Arlinghaus, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2002 k)

Spis treści

1 A BME View to the New Realities of TGIS.- 1.1 Introducing a Temporal Geographical Information System (TGIS).- 1.1.1 Purposefulness, Content, and Context.- 1.1.2 Synthesis, Organization, and Visualization.- 1.1.3 Action-Oriented.- 1.2 Field-Based TGIS.- 1.3 TGIS Functions.- 1.4 Novel Contribution to TGIS.- 1.4.1 BME-Based Advanced Functions.- 1.4.2 Stochastic Modelling.- 1.4.3 BMEIib Software.- 1.4.4 Epistemic Viewpoint.- 1.4.5 Scientific Hypothesis Testing and Explanation.- 1.4.6 Revisionistic Paradigm.- 1.5 Concluding Remarks.- 2 Spatiotemporal Modelling.- 2.1 Spatiotemporal Continuum.- 2.2 The Random Field Model.- 2.3 The Role of Metaphors in TGIS.- 2.4 The Importance of Physical Geometry.- 2.5 Synopsis.- 3 Knowledge Bases Integration.- 3.1 Integrating Knowledge Bases (KB) into TGIS.- 3.2 General KB and the Associated Physical Constraints.- 3.2.1 Space/Time Correlation Functions Between Two or More Points (Multiple-Point Statistics).- 3.2.2 Physical Models.- 3.3 Specificatory KB.- 3.3.1 Hard and Soft Data.- 3.3.2 The Effect of Soft Data on The Calculation of the Space/Time Correlation Functions.- 3.4 Accommodating Knowledge Needs.- 3.4.1 Knowledge Classification.- 3.4.2 Model Building and Reality Check.- 4 Spatiotemporal Mapping.- 4.1 A Formulation of the Spatiotemporal Mapping Problem.- 4.2 Formal BME Analysis and Mapping.- 4.2.1 The Basic BME Procedure.- 4.2.2 The Advantage of Composite Space/Time Mapping.- 4.2.3 Continuous-Valued Map Reconstruction.- 4.2.4 Modifications of the BME Procedure.- 4.2.5 Spatiotemporal Filtering.- 4.2.6 Spatiotemporal Mapping and Change-of-Scale Procedures.- 4.3 Other Mapping Techniques.- 4.3.1 Wiener-Kolmogorov Stochastic Interpolation.- 4.3.2 Geostatistical Kriging.- 4.3.3 Kalman-Bucy Filtering.- 4.3.4 Some Comparisons.- 4.4 Concluding Remarks.- 5 Interpretive BME.- 5.1 Interpretive Issues.- 5.2 An Epistemic Analysis of the BME Approach.- 5.3 Non-Bayesian Conditionalization.- 5.3.1 Material Biconditionalization.- 5.3.2 Material Conditionalization.- 5.4 By Way of a Summary.- 6 The BME Toolbox In Action.- 6.1 The Fundamental KB Operators.- 6.2 Step-by-Step BME.- 6.2.1 The Formal Representation.- 6.2.2 The Diagrammatic Representation.- 6.3 Analytic and Synthetic Case-Studies.- 6.3.1 Some Commonly Encountered Situations.- 6.3.2 Spatiotemporal Filtering.- 6.3.3 Exogenous Information.- 6.3.4 Physical Laws.- 6.3.5 Using Soft Data to Improve TGIS Mapping.- 6.3.6 Non-Bayesian Analysis.- 6.4 Quantifying the Mapping Efficiency of Soft Data.- 6.5 Numerical Investigations of Popular Techniques.- 6.5.1 The Use and Misuse of Soft Data by Statistical Regression-Based Techniques.- 6.5.2 The Inadequacy of Indicator Kriging.- 6.6 Merging Maps with BME.- 6.7 Synopsis.- 7 The BME Computer Library.- 7.1 Computational BME Analysis and the BMEIib.- 7.2 Getting Started.- 7.2.1 Notational Convenience.- 7.2.2 Getting Started with MatLab.- 7.2.3 Getting Started with BMEIib.- 7.3 The iolib Directory.- 7.3.1 The readGeoEAS.m and writeGeoEAS.m Functions.- 7.3.2 The readProba.m and writeProba.m Functions.- 7.3.3 The readBMEproba.m and writeBMEproba.m Functions.- 7.4 The graphlib Directory.- 7.4.1 The scatterplot.m function.- 7.4.2 The colorplot.m function.- 7.4.3 The marketplot.m function.- 7.4.4 The valplot.m function.- 7.4.5 A tutorial Use of the graphlib Directory.- 7.5 The modelslib Directory.- 7.5.1 The *C.m and *V.m Functions.- 7.5.2 The modelplot.m Function.- 7.5.3 A Tutorial Use of the modelslib Directory.- 7.6 The statlib Directory.- 7.6.1 The kerneldensity.m Function.- 7.6.2 The pdf2cdfm Function.- 7.6.3 The covario.m Function.- 7.6.4 The crosscovario.m Function.- 7.6.5 The crosscovarioST.m Function.- 7.6.6 A Tutorial Use of the statlib Directory.- 7.7 The bmeprobalib Directory.- 7.7.1 The proba*.m Function.- 7.7.2 The BMEprobaMoments.m Function.- 7.7.3 The BMEprobaMode.m Function.- 7.7.4 The BMEprobaPdfm Function.- 7.7.5 The BMEprobaCI.m Function.- 7.7.6 The BMEprobaTMode.m, BMEprobaTPdfm and BMEprobaTCI.m Functions.- 7.7.7 Working With Files.- 7.7.8 A Tutorial Use of the bmeprobalib Directory.- 7.8 The bmeintlib Directory.- 7.8.1 The BMEintervalMode.m Function.- 7.8.2 The BMEintervalPdf.m Function.- 7.8.3 The BMEintervalTMode.m Function.- 7.8.4 The BMEintervalTPdfm Function.- 7.8.5 A Tutorial Use of the bmeintlib Directory.- 7.9 The bmehrlib Directory.- 7.9.1 The kriging.m Function.- 7.9.2 The krigingfilter.m Function.- 7.9.3 A Tutorial Use of the bmehrlib Directory.- 7.10 Simulations.- 7.10.1 The simuchol.m Function.- 7.10.2 The simuseq.m Function.- 7.10.3 A Tutorial Use of the simulib Directory.- 7.11 The genlib Directory.- 7.11.1 The aniso2iso.m Function.- 7.11.2 The iso2aniso.m Function.- 7.11.3 The coord2dist.m Function.- 7.11.4 The coord2K.m Function.- 7.11.5 The kernelsmoothing.m Function.- 7.11.6 A Tutorial Use of the genlib Directory.- 7.12 The mvnlib Directory.- 7.12.1 The mvnlibcompile.m Function.- 7.12.2 Testing the mvnlib Directory.- 7.13 BMEIib Tutorials, Examples, and Tests.- 7.13.1 The tutorlib Directory.- 7.13.2 The exlib Directory.- 7.13.3 The testslib Directory.- 8 Scientific Hypothesis Testing, Explanation, and Decision Making.- 8.1 On Scientific Methodology.- 8.2 Hypothesis Testing.- 8.3 Scientific Explanation.- 8.4 Geographotemporal Decision Making.- 8.5 Prelude.- References.

Blurb

The book focuses on the development of advanced functions for field-based temporal geographical information systems (TGIS). These fields describe natural, epidemiological, economical, and social phenomena distributed across space and time. The book is organized around four main themes: "Concepts, mathematical tools, computer programs, and applications".
Chapters I and II review the conceptual framework of the modern TGIS and introduce the fundamental ideas of spatiotemporal modelling. Chapter III discusses issues of knowledge synthesis and integration. Chapter IV presents state-of-the-art mathematical tools of spatiotemporal mapping. Links between existing TGIS techniques and the modern Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method offer significant improvements in the advanced TGIS functions. Comparisons are made between the proposed functions and various other techniques (e.g., Kriging, and Kalman-Bucy filters). Chapter V analyzes the interpretive features of the advanced TGIS functions, establishing correspondence between the natural system and the formal mathematics which describe it. In Chapters IV and V one can also find interesting extensions of TGIS functions (e.g., non-Bayesian connectives and Fisher information measures). Chapters VI and VII familiarize the reader with the TGIS toolbox and the associated library of comprehensive computer programs. Chapter VIII discusses important applications of TGIS in the context of scientific hypothesis testing, explanation, and decision making.