Technical Functions: On the Use and Design of Artefacts

ISBN-13: 9789400731974 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 174 str.

Wybo Houkes; P. E. Vermaas

Opis

This book is about the functions of technical artefacts, material objects made to serve practical purposes; objects ranging from tablets of Aspirin to Concorde, from wooden clogs to nuclear submarines. More precisely, the book is about usinganddesigningartefacts, aboutwhatitmeanstoascribefunctionstothem, and about the relations between using, designing and ascribing functions. In the following pages, we present a detailed account that shows how strong these relations are. Technical functions cannot be properly analysed without taking into regard the beliefs and actions of human beings, we contend. This account stays deceptively close to common sense. After all, who would deny that artefacts are for whatever purpose they are designed or used? As we shall show, however, such intentionalist accounts face staunch opposition from other accounts, such as those that focus on long-term reproduction of artefacts. These accounts are partly right and mostly wrong and although we do take a common-sense position in the end, it is only after sophisticated analysis. F- thermore, the results of this analysis reveal that technical functions depend on a larger and more structured set of beliefs and actions than is typically s- posed. Much work in the succeeding pages goes into developing an appropriate action-theoretical account, and forging a connection with function ascriptions."

Spis treści

Chapter 1  Introduction
Chapter 2 Use, plans and designing 
2.1 Artefacts and actions  
2.2 Use plans 
2.3 Planning in use 
2.4 Designing plans  
2.6 Standards for use plans  
2.7 Evaluating artefact use and design 
Chapter 3 Function theories  
3.1 Function theories for technical artefacts  
3.2 The intentional function theory  
3.3 Cummins.causal-role theory of functions  
3.4 The evolutionist function theory  
3.5 Combining the basic theories
4.1 A use-plan approach towards functions  
4.2 Function ascriptions  
4.3 Assessing the function ascriptions  
4.4 Functional roles  
Chapter 5 Malfunctioning  
5.1 The phenomenon of artefact malfunctioning  
5.2 Having capacities versus exercising them  
5.3 Artefact normativity  
Chapter 6 Engineering, science and biology  
6.2 Engineering  
6.3 Physics and chemistry  
6.4 Biology  
6.5 A biological and generalised ICE-theory  
Chapter 7 The nature of artefacts  
7.1 Functions as conceptual drawbridges  
7.2 Against function essentialism  
7.3 Plan relativism  
7.4 Useful and man-made materials 

Blurb

This first book-length study in the philosophy of technical artefacts and their technical functions presents a new action-theoretical account of using and designing called the ICE theory. This theory connects the material side of technical artefacts with the aims of everyday users and the tasks of engineers when designing for those everyday users.

Wybo Houkes and Pieter Vermaas have developed ICE theory in close contact with the engineering literature on designing and the literature on functions in the philosophy of biology and philosophy of mind. As such the book is a telling example of the successful new school of philosophy of technology that is aimed at understanding engineering and technology on their own merits.

The book presents the reader with a broad and detailed understanding of technical artefacts and their functions, which is sensitive to the dynamic and socially structured practices of using and designing. This understanding shows how our technology-saturated everyday life can be subjected to rigorous philosophical analysis, and how artefacts and technical functions provide an area of inquiry that is equally fascinating as, but genuinely different from, biological items and their functions.