1: Background and Introduction; 1: Introduction; 2: A Model of Differential Treatment Selection; 2: Patient Predisposing Variables; 3: Diagnostic Considerations; 4: Patient Personal Characteristics; 5: Environments and Circumstances; 3: The Treatment Context; 6: The Treatment Setting; 7: Treatment Mode and Format; 8: Treatment Frequency and Duration; 4: Relationship Variables; 9: Therapist-Patient Personal Compatibility; 10: Enhancing and Maintaining the Therapeutic Alliance; 5: Tailoring Strategies and Techniques; 11: Selecting Focal Targets of Change; 12: Selecting the Level of Intervention and the Mediating Goals of Psychotherapy; 13: Conducting Therapeutic Work; 6: Training Directions; 14: Training in Differential Treatment Selection