Swine Production and Nutrition

ISBN-13: 9781468468755 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 733 str.

Wilson G. Pond

Opis

The purpose of this text as stated in the preface to our book "Swine Production in Temperate and Tropical Environments," 1974, is to provide a technical basis for successful production of pork in both temperate and tropical environments. The competitive position of pork as a food source both in the developed and developing countries has continued to be strengthened during the past 1 0 years. In this book, we update the current knowledge and technology upon which pork production is based-covering extensively the new knowledge of feeds and their nutrient values. The current growth of the world swine population is faster than that of the human population, reflecting the high demand for pork among consumers in all parts of the world. Advances in genetics, physiology, nutrition, and bio- technology have permitted continued improvements in efficiency of pork produc- tion, and prospects are bright for continued advances. The principles of modem production technology addressed in this book provide the basis for application by the swine industry in a broad range of environmental and economic settings. We have attempted to present a balanced coverage of the biological, economic, and husbandry aspects of swine production for use by college and university students, personnel in the feed and food industries, livestock extension specialists, and commercial swine producers.

Spis treści

I. The Pork Industry.- 1 The Past, Present, and Future of Swine Production.- Evolution and Domestication.- The Importance of the Pig in Supplying Food.- Alternative Protein Sources for Humans.- Future Prospects for Pork Production.- References.- 2 General Considerations about the Pig.- Breeds.- Chromosomes.- Body Size.- Behavior Traits.- Life Cycle.- Gross Anatomy and Carcass Measurements.- Plasticity of the Pig.- Hair and Skin Color.- References.- 3 Pork as Human Food.- Nutrient Composition of Pork.- Properties Affecting the Acceptability of Pork to Humans.- References.- II. Biology of the Pig.- 4 Breeding and Selection.- Goals.- Heritability.- Selection Index.- Culling Rates.- Testing Procedures.- Mechanics of Performance and Progeny Testing.- The Show-Ring.- Potential Selection Criteria.- Purebreeding, Crossbreeding, Inbreeding, and Outbreeding.- Artificial Insemination and Controlled Estrus.- Inherited Defects.- References.- 5 Prenatal Development.- Fertilization.- Implantation.- Differentiation of Organs.- Development of the Circulatory System and Blood Cells.- Placenta and Fetal Membranes.- Growth of the Fetus.- Adaptations at Birth.- References.- 6 Postnatal Development.- Birth Weight and Litter Size.- Blood Glucose.- Body Temperature Control and Climatic Physiology.- Digestion and Absorption of Food.- Special Considerations Related to Digestive System Development.- Rate of Passage of Feed Residues.- Intestinal Microflora.- Blood and Circulation.- Hematology.- Dentition.- Changes in Body Composition with Time.- References.- 7 Growth.- Methods of Expressing Growth.- Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy.- Body Weight Gain as a Measure of Growth.- References.- 8 Reproduction.- The Female.- Anatomy of the Reproductive Tract.- Puberty.- Estrous Cycle.- Ovulation.- Factors Affecting Ovulation Rate and Time of Estrus.- Artificial Control of the Estrous Cycle.- Ova Transfer.- Movement and Survival of Sperm in the Female Reproductive Tract.- Conception Rate.- Duration of Gestation.- Prenatal Deaths.- Parturition.- The Male.- Anatomy of the Reproductive Tract.- Puberty and Sexual Behavior.- Artificial Insemination and Semen Production.- Composition of Semen.- Sperm Survival and Storage.- References.- 9 Lactation.- Yield.- Composition.- Mammary Glands.- References.- 10 Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases.- Infectious Diseases.- Bacterial Diseases.- Viral Diseases.- Mycoplasmal Diseases.- Mycotic Diseases.- Miscellaneous Diseases.- Parasites.- Other Infectious Diseases.- Noninfectious Diseases.- Poisonous Plants.- Toxicants That Cause Disease.- Metabolic Diseases.- Nutritional Diseases.- Nutrient Toxicity Diseases.- References.- III. Feeds and Feeding.- 11 Nutrients and Feed Formulation.- Practical Swine Feeding.- Nutrients Required by Swine.- Clinical Signs of Nutrient Deficiencies.- Quantitative Nutrient Requirements in Life Cycle Feeding.- Diet Formulation.- Classification of Feedstuffs.- References.- 12 Grain and Grain By-product Energy Sources.- Corn (Maize).- Common Maize.- Opaque-2 Maize.- Floury-2 Maize.- Waxy Maize.- Grain Sorghum (Milo).- Barley.- Oats.- Rye.- Wheat.- Triticale.- Rice.- Buckwheat.- Milling By-products.- Distillery and Brewery By-products.- References.- 13 Roots, Tubers, Fats, and Other Energy Sources.- Cassava.- Potatoes.- Dried Potato Products.- Sweet Potatoes.- Yams.- Bananas and Plantains.- Cane Sugar.- Cane Molasses.- Dried Bakery Product.- Citrus and Citrus Pulp.- Garbage.- Fats and Oils.- References.- 14 Animal Protein Sources.- Meat Meal and Meat-and-Bone Meal.- Blood Meal.- Fish Meal.- Fish Protein Concentrate (FPC).- Fish Silage and Liquefied Fish.- Shrimp Meal.- Krill Meal.- King Crab Meal.- Dried Milk.- Milk Whey.- Hatchery Waste.- Feather Meal.- Hog Hair Meal.- Nonprotein Nitrogen (NPN).- Animal and Poultry Waste.- References.- 15 Plant Protein Sources.- Oilseed Meals.- Soybean Meal.- Coconut Meal.- Cottonseed Meal.- Linseed Meal.- Peanut Meal.- Rapeseed Meal (Canola Meal).- Rubber Seed and Rubber Seed Meal.- Safflower Meal.- Sesame Meal.- Sunflower Seed and Meal.- Grain Legumes.- Soybeans.- Dry Beans.- Chickpeas.- Pigeon Peas.- Cowpeas.- Field Beans.- Field Peas.- Sweet Lupin.- Other Protein Sources.- Alfalfa.- Alfalfa Protein Concentrate.- Alfalfa and Grass Juice.- Single-Cell Protein.- Seaweed.- Synthetic Amino Acids.- References.- 16 Mineral and Vitamin Sources and Nonnutritive Feed Additives.- Mineral Sources.- Vitamin Sources.- Nonnutritive Feed Additives.- References.- 17 Processing and Its Effect on Nutritive Value.- Types of Feed Processing.- Grinding.- Pelleting.- Heating.- Micronization.- Liquid Feeding.- Paste Feeding.- Oil Extraction.- Summary of the Effects of Processing Feedstuffs on Pig Performance.- References.- IV. Management and Marketing.- 18 Environmental Physiology.- Effect of Environmental Temperature.- Space and Group Considerations.- Effect of Other Environmental Conditions.- Solid Floors and Slotted Floors.- References.- 19 Swine Management and Marketing.- Management Practices.- General Types of Swine Enterprises.- Marketing.- Size of U.S. Commercial Swine Farms.- Economics of Large Swine Units in the United States.- References.- Appendixes.- 1 Sample Sow and Litter Records.- 2 Swine Industry Directory; Pork Cookbooks and Facts about Pork.- 3 Glossaries of Terms Used in Swine Production and Feed Processing.- Animal Terms.- Husbandry Terms.- Physiological Terms.- International Feed Nomenclature.- Feed Manufacturing Terms.- Feed Ingredient Terms.- 4 Composition of Feeds Commonly Used in Swine Diets.- 5 Sample Diets for Swine.