Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Systems Engineering Approach

ISBN-13: 9781118456910 / Angielski / Twarda / 2015 / 936 str.

Ni-Bin Chang

Opis

This book presents the application of system analysis techniques with case studies to help readers learn how the techniques can be applied, how the problems are solved, and which sustainable management strategies can be reached.

Spis treści

PREFACE xix

I FUNDAMENTAL BACKGROUND 1

1 INTRODUCTION 3

1.1 The Concept of Sustainable Development 3

1.2 Sustainability in the Context of SWM 10

1.3 The Framework for Sustainability Assessment 12

1.4 The Structure of this Book 13

References 16

2 TECHNOLOGY MATRIX FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 19

2.1 Waste Classification and Types of Waste 19

2.2 Waste Management Through Waste Hierarchy: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, and Disposal 28

2.3 Waste Operational Units: Real–World Cases 34

2.4 Waste Operational Units: Equipment and Facilities 42

2.5 Technology Matrix for Multiple Solid Waste Streams 72

2.6 Final Remarks 90

References 90

3 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONCERNS 99

3.1 Financial Concerns 100

3.2 Economic Incentives and Socioeconomic Concerns 114

3.3 Social Concerns 123

3.4 Final Remarks 133

References 134

4 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONCERNS 141

4.1 SWM Legislation 141

4.2 Sustainable Waste Management Principles and Policies 151

4.3 Policy Instruments 155

4.4 ISWM Plans 162

4.5 Final Remarks 163

References 163

5 RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK 171

5.1 Formulate the Problem: Inherent Hazards in Solid Waste Management 171

5.2 Risk Assessment in Solid Waste Management 176

5.3 Management of Risk 183

5.4 Risk Communication 184

5.5 How to Promote a Sustainable Solid Waste Management with Risk Analysis? 186

5.6 Final Remarks 188

References 188

II PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 193

6 GLOBAL CHANGE, SUSTAINABILITY, AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 195

6.1 Global Change Impacts 195

6.2 Sustainability Considerations and Criteria 208

6.3 Adaptive Management Strategies for Solid Waste Management Systems 208

6.4 Final Remarks 210

References 210

7 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 215

7.1 Systems Engineering Principles 215

7.2 System of Systems Engineering Approaches 222

7.3 Centralized Versus Decentralized Approaches 227

7.4 Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification 230

7.5 Final Remarks 232

References 233

8 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TOOLS AND METHODS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 235

8.1 Systems Analysis, Waste Management, and Technology Hub 236

8.2 Cost Benefit Risk Trade–Offs and Single–Objective Optimization 240

8.3 Multicriteria Decision–Making 248

8.4 Game Theory and Conflict Resolution 283

8.5 System Dynamics Modeling 287

8.6 Final Remarks 290

References 292

Appendix Web Site Resources of Software Packages of LINDO and LINGO 299

III INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 301

9 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND MUNICIPAL UTILITY PARKS 303

9.1 Industrial Symbiosis and Industrial Ecology 303

9.2 Creation of Eco–Industrial Parks and Eco–Industrial Clusters 309

9.3 Municipal Utility Parks in Urban Regions 314

9.4 Final Remarks 319

References 321

10 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 323

10.1 Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste Management 323

10.2 Phases of Life Cycle Assessment 325

10.3 LCA Waste Management Software 355

10.4 Putting LCA into Practice 361

10.5 Life Cycle Management 374

10.6 Final Remarks 376

References 376

11 STREAMLINED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR SOLID WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS 387

11.1 Application of Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste Management 388

11.2 LCA for Screening Technologies of Solid Waste Treatment 390

11.3 LCA Assessment Methodology 391

11.4 Description of the CSLCA 397

11.5 Interpretation of CSLCA Results 400

11.6 Final Remarks 412

References 412

12 CARBON–FOOTPRINT–BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 417

12.1 The Global–Warming Potential Impact 417

12.2 The Quantification Process 418

12.3 GWP Assessment for Solid Waste Management 426

12.4 Case Study 429

12.5 Systems Analysis 434

12.6 Final Remarks 436

References 436

IV INTEGRATED SYSTEMS PLANNING, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT 441

13 MULTIOBJECTIVE DECISION–MAKING FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A CARBON–REGULATED ENVIRONMENT 443

13.1 Current Gaps of Cost Benefit Analyses for Solid Waste Management 444

13.2 Background of System Planning 446

13.3 Formulation of Systems Engineering Models for Comparative Analysis 451

13.4 Interpretation of Modeling Output for Decision Analysis 459

13.5 Comparative Analysis 464

13.6 Final Remarks 470

References 470

14 PLANNING REGIONAL MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES IN A FAST–GROWING URBAN REGION 475

14.1 Forecasting Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Optimal Siting of MRF in a Fast–growing Urban Region 476

14.2 Modeling Philosophy 478

14.3 Study Region and System Analysis Framework 480

14.4 Prediction of Solid Waste Generation 483

14.5 Regional Planning of Material Recovery Facilities 492

14.6 Final Remarks 506

References 508

15 OPTIMAL PLANNING FOR SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, RECYCLING, AND VEHICLE ROUTING 515

15.1 Systems Engineering Approaches for Solid Waste Collection 516

15.2 Simulation for Planning Solid Waste Recycling Drop–Off Stations 520

15.3 Multiobjective Programming for Planning Solid Waste Recycling Drop–Off Stations 533

15.4 Final Remarks 543

References 546

16 MULTIATTRIBUTE DECISION–MAKING WITH SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS 553

16.1 Deterministic Multiple Attribute Decision–Making Process 554

16.2 MADM for Solid Waste Management 568

16.3 Final Remarks 579

References 580

17 DECISION ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMAL BALANCE BETWEEN SOLID WASTE INCINERATION AND RECYCLING PROGRAMS 585

17.1 Systems Analysis for Integrated Material Recycling and Waste–to–Energy Programs 586

17.2 Refuse–Derived Fuel Process for Solid Waste Management 587

17.3 Regional Shipping Strategies 594

17.4 Final Remarks 606

References 609

18 ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS FOR INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 611

18.1 How Does Environmental Informatics Help Solid Waste Management?  611

18.2 Sensors and Sensor Networks for Solid Waste Management 612

18.3 Database Design for Solid Waste Management 615

18.4 Spatial Analysis with GIS and GPS for Solid Waste Management 616

18.5 Expert Systems, Decision Support Systems, and Computational Intelligence Techniques 624

18.6 Integrated Environmental Information Systems 641

18.7 Final Remarks 644

References 646

V UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 665

19 STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING AND GAME THEORY FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DECISION–MAKING 667

19.1 Background of Stochastic Programming 667

19.2 Model Formulations of Stochastic Programming 668

19.3 Stochastic Programming with Multiple Objective Functions 682

19.4 Stochastic Dynamic Programming 686

19.5 Game Theory 689

19.6 Final Remarks 698

References 699

20 FUZZY MULTIATTRIBUTE DECISION–MAKING FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH SOCIETAL COMPLICATIONS 703

20.1 Fundamentals of Fuzzy Set Theory 703

20.2 Siting a Regional Landfill with Fuzzy Multiattribute Decision–Making and GIS Techniques 713

20.3 Fair Fund Redistribution and Environmental Justice with GIS–based Fuzzy AHP Method 731

20.4 Final Remarks 751

References 753

21 FUZZY MULTIATTRIBUTE DECISION–MAKING FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS 759

21.1 Integrated Fuzzy Topsis and AHP Method for Screening Solid Waste Recycling Alternatives 759

21.2 The Algorithm of FIMADM Method 765

21.3 The Solid Waste Management System 771

21.4 Final Remarks 788

References 788

22 FUZZY MULTIOBJECTIVE DECISION–MAKING FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 791

22.1 Fuzzy Linear Programming 791

22.2 Fuzzy Multiobjective Programming Fuzzy Global Criterion Method 796

22.3 Fuzzy Goal Programming 800

22.4 Case Study 802

22.5 Final Remarks 823

References 826

23 GREY SYSTEMS THEORY FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 829

23.1 Grey Systems Theory 829

23.2 Grey Linear Programming 831

23.3 The Stability Issues of Grey Programming Models 840

23.4 The Hybrid Approach for Various Cases of Uncertainty Quantification 843

23.5 Final Remarks 844

References 845

24 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS FOR THE FUTURE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES 849

24.1 The Evolution of Systems Analysis for Solid Waste Management 850

24.2 Trend Analysis 862

24.3 Technical Barriers and Socioeconomic Challenges 869

24.4 Future Perspectives 872

24.5 Final Remarks 874

References 875

INDEX 895

O autorze

Ni–Bin Chang, PhD, is an elected fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Association for the Advancement of Society, as well as a senior member of the IEEE. He has co–authored and authored seven books including Systems Analysis for Sustainable Engineering: Theory and Applications and over 190 peer–reviewed articles.

Ana Pires, PhD, is a member of IMAR–CMA – Marine and Environmental Research Centre, Portugal, and is a research engineer in the Department of Environmenyal Sciences (Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente).

Blurb

A comprehensive guide on solid waste management

Interactions between human activities and the environment are complicated and often difficult to quantify. In many occasions, judging where the optimal balance should lie among environmental protection, social well–being, economic growth, and technological progress is complex. The use of a systems engineering approach will fill in the gap contributing to how we understand the intricacy by a holistic way and how we generate better sustainable solid waste management practices. This book aims to advance interdisciplinary understanding of intertwined facets between policy and technology relevant to solid waste management issues interrelated to climate change, land use, economic growth, environmental pollution, industrial ecology, and population dynamics.

Additional tools are implemented throughout the book to help grasp the concepts of sustainable solid waste management

• The main issues concerning all sustainability aspects in solid waste management are introduced in the preliminary chapters

• Practical cases are accompanied by illustrative examples

• Study questions and chapter recaps are included

Sustainable Solid Waste Management will help stimulate researchers in this field to work on more practical questions and provide some insights to solid waste management engineers who want to use systems analysis techniques for their application problems.

Ni–Bin Chang, PhD, is an elected fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Association for the Advancement of Society, an elected member of the European Academy of Sciences, as well as a senior member of the IEEE. He has co–authored and authored seven books including Systems Analysis for Sustainable Engineering: Theory and Applications and over 200 peer–reviewed journal articles.

Ana Pires, PhD, is a member of MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (ex–IMAR–CMA), Portugal, and is a research engineer in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, New University of Lisbon (Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Universidade Nova de Lisboa).