Survival and Sacrifice in Mars Exploration: What We Know from Polar Expeditions

ISBN-13: 9783319124476 / Angielski / Miękka / 2015 / 163 str.

Erik Seedhouse

Opis

Seedhouse envisions the hard choices of long distance space travel, which will require careful ethical and scientific guidelines to navigate. Imagine the scenario where a crewmember develops a life-threatening illness with two years left on a mission. Should this crewmember be allowed to continue, to risk or even sacrifice his or her life for the mission? What about a crew member who is disabled? A disabled astronaut removes two crew members from their normal duties: the disabled member and the crewmember caretaker. A mission may not be able to sacrifice the work of two of its members. And what if a crewmember does perish? Is the body to be stored two years for return to earth, or will there be a burial in space? Questions like these, and hundreds of others, have been explored by science fiction, but scant attention has been paid by those designing missions. Fortunately, the experience gained in Antarctic exploration more than 100 years ago provides crews and mission planners with a framework to deal with contingencies, and provide a unique insight into the challenges of the Inspiration Mars, Mars One and Mars Direct missions.As much as space has been described as a New World and a New Frontier, Mars bears greater similarity to the Antarctic and arctic, not simply as an extreme environment but also as a place with the potential to create all sorts of problems for those tasked with its exploration.

Spis treści

Exploration Mission Architectures.- Expedition Leadership.- Bioethics.- Launch and Outbound.- Approach and Landing.- Surviving.- Sacrifice and Death.- Inbound.- Return.

O autorze

Erik Seedhouse is a Norwegian suborbital astronaut whose life-long ambition is to work in space. After completing a degree in Sports Science, the author joined the 2nd Battalion the Parachute Regiment. During his time in the “Para’s”, Erik spent six months in Belize, where he was trained in the art of jungle warfare. Later, he spent several months learning the intricacies of desert warfare in Cyprus. He made more than 30 jumps from a C130, performed more than 200 helicopter abseils, and fired more anti-tank weapons than he cares to remember! 

            Upon returning to the comparatively mundane world of academia, the author embarked upon a master’s degree in Medical Science, supporting his studies by winning prize money in 100-km running races. After placing third in the World 100 km Championships, the author turned to ultra-distance triathlon, winning the World Endurance Triathlon Championships in 1995 and 1996. For good measure, he won the World Double Ironman Championships and the Decatriathlon, an event requiring competitors to swim 38 km, cycle 1,800 km, and run 422 km. Non-stop!

            Returning to academia, Erik pursued his Ph.D. at the German Space Agency’s Institute for Space Medicine. While studying, he won Ultraman Hawaii and the European Ultraman Championships, and completed Race Across America. As the world’s leading ultra-distance triathlete, Erik was featured in dozens of magazines and television interviews. In 1997, GQ magazine nominated him as the “Fittest Man in the World”.

            In 1999, Erik retired from triathlon and started post-doctoral studies. In 2005, he worked as an astronaut training consultant for Bigelow Aerospace and wrote Tourists in Space. He is a Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society and a member of the Space Medical Association. In 2009, he was one of the final 30 candidates in the Canadian Space Agency’s Astronaut Recruitment Campaign. Erik works as a spaceflight instructor for the American Astronautics Institute, professional speaker, triathlon coach, author, and Editor-in-Chief for the Handbook of Life Support Systems for Spacecraft. He is the Training Director for Astronauts for Hire and, between 2008 and 2013, he served as director of Canada’s manned centrifuge operations.

            In addition to being a suborbital astronaut, triathlete, centrifuge operator, pilot, and author, Erik is an avid mountaineer and is pursuing his goal of climbing the Seven Summits. Survival and Sacrifice is his seventeenth book. When not writing, he spends as much time as possible in Kona on the Big Island of Hawaii and at his real home in Sandefjord, Norway. Erik and his wife, Doina, are owned by three rambunctious cats – Jasper, Mini-Mach, and Lava.

Blurb

With current technology, a voyage to Mars and back will take three

years. That’s a lot of time for things to go wrong. But sooner or later

a commercial enterprise will commit itself to sending humans to Mars.

How will the astronauts survive? Some things to consider are:

ith current technology, a voyage to Mars and back will take three

years. That’s a lot of time for things to go wrong. But sooner or later

a commercial enterprise will commit itself to sending humans to Mars.

How will the astronauts survive? Some things to consider are:

• Who decides what medical resources are used for whom?

Who decides what medical resources are used for whom?

• What is the relative weight of mission success and the health of the

crew?

What is the relative weight of mission success and the health of the

crew?

• Do we allow crewmembers to sacrifi ce their lives for the good of the

mission?

Do we allow crewmembers to sacrifi ce their lives for the good of the

mission?

• And what if a crewmember does perish? Do we store the body for

return to Earth or give the member a burial in space?

Questions like these, and hundreds of others, have been explored by

science fi ction, but scant attention has been paid by those designing

missions. Fortunately, the experience gained in polar exploration more

than 100 years ago provides crews and mission planners with a framework

to deal with contingencies and it is this that forms the core of this book.

Why the parallels between polar and space exploration? Because polar

exploration offers a better analogy for a Mars mission today than those

invoked by the space community. Although astronauts are routinely

compared to Lewis and Clark, Mars-bound astronauts will be closer in their

roles to polar explorers. And, as much as space has been described as a

New Frontier, Mars bears greater similarity to the polar regions, which is

why so much can be learned from those who ventured there.

And what if a crewmember does perish? Do we store the body forreturn to Earth or give the member a burial in space?

Questions like these, and hundreds of others, have been explored by

science fi ction, but scant attention has been paid by those designing

missions. Fortunately, the experience gained in polar exploration more

than 100 years ago provides crews and mission planners with a framework

to deal with contingencies and it is this that forms the core of this book.

Why the parallels between polar and space exploration? Because polar

exploration offers a better analogy for a Mars mission today than those

invoked by the space community. Although astronauts are routinely

compared to Lewis and Clark, Mars-bound astronauts will be closer in their

roles to polar explorers. And, as much as space has been described as a

New Frontier, Mars bears greater similarity to the polar regions, which is

why so much can be learned from those who ventured there.