Survey of Advanced Microprocessors

ISBN-13: 9781461367536 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 268 str.

Opis

Microprocessors have come a long way since their conception. They have become formidable processing tools, and we encounter them in almost every part of our daily activities, from the kitchen with its microwave oven to the cockpit of a sophisticated aircraft. The purposes of this book are to "walk through" the current microprocessor technology and briefly to describe some of the most advanced microprocessors available. The book is a survey of ad- vanced microprocessors, aimed particularly at the engineering manager rather than the design engineer. Chapter One outlines the history of microprocessors and describes some terminology used in computer architecture. Chapter Two discusses advanced computer concepts, such as data and data types, addressing modes, pipe lining, and cache memory. Chapter Three .describes new computer architectures, such as reduced-instruction-set computers (RISes) and very-long-instruc- tion-word computers. RISC architecture has become very popular among designers. Chapter Four discusses an architecture, data-flow, which is a departure from the conventional von Neumann architecture. NEC has applied the dataflow architecture on the design of a very sophis- ticated image processing chip, the NEC PD7281. Chapters Five and Six are case studies, describing the Am29000 and the Transputer, respectively. Chapter Seven describes microprocessors specifically designed for digital signal processing. Chapter Eight discusses micromultiprocessing and describes the various topologies currently used.

Spis treści

1. Introduction.- The History of Microprocessors.- Advanced Microprocessors.- Terminology.- Von Neumann Architecture vis-a-vis Harvard Architecture.- Parallel versus Multiprocessor.- Multiprogramming.- Topology.- Orthogonality.- Granularity.- Summary.- Notes.- 2. Advanced Computer Concepts.- General Comments.- Data and Data Types.- Boolean.- Integer.- Ordinal.- Real Operands.- Literal.- Pixels.- Arrays and Records.- Semantic Gap.- Instruction Sets.- Addressing Modes.- Register Direct Modes.- Memory Address Modes.- Special Address Modes.- Program Control Modes.- Inherent Mode.- Pipelining.- General Description.- Reduction of Pipeline Latency.- Depth.- Memory Management.- General Design Considerations.- Segmentation.- Paging.- Cache Memory.- Virtual Memory.- Summary.- Notes.- 3. Reduced-Instruction-Set, Writable-Instruction-Set, and Very-Long-Instruction-Word Computers.- Reduced-Instruction-Set Computer (RISC).- Philosophy.- Evolution.- Characteristics.- Implementation in the Berkeley RISC.- Pipelining Caveats.- Motorola 88100.- The AMD Processors.- The MIPS Processor.- Hewlett-Packard SPECTRUM.- ACORN ARM (VL86C010).- Integraph Clipper.- Gallium Arsenide RISC Processor.- Writable-Instruction-Set Computer (WISC).- Very-Long-Instruction-Word Computer (VLIW).- Philosophy.- Intel i860.- Summary.- Notes.- 4. Data-Flow Computers.- Concept Behind Data Flow.- Examples of Data-Flow Computers.- Static Data-Flow Computers.- Dynamic Data-Flow Computers.- The NEC PD7281 Data-Flow Microprocessor.- Summary.- Notes.- 5. Case Study: The AM29000.- Internal Organization.- Pipeline Structure.- Registers.- Instruction Fetch Unit.- Branch Target Cache.- Program Counter Unit.- Execution Unit.- Register File.- Address Unit.- Arithmetic-Logic Unit.- Memory-Management Unit.- Development Tools.- Hardware.- Software.- Summary.- 6. Case Study: The Inmos Transputer.- Hardware Description of Transputer.- Language.- Primitive Processes and Constructs.- Compiler.- Hierarchical Decomposition.- Alternative Construct.- Parallel Construct.- Arrays.- Replicator.- Time.- Types and Data Structures.- Compile-Time Allocation.- Program Development.- Configuration.- Programs.- Output Guards.- Summary.- Notes.- 7. Microprocessors for Signal and Image Processing.- Texas Instruments’ TMS320 Family.- TMS32010 and TMS320C10 Digital Signal Processors.- TMS32011 Digital Signal Processor.- TMS32010-25 Digital Signal Processor.- TMS32020 and TMS320C25 Digital Signal Processors.- WE DSP32 (AT&T) Digital Signal Processor.- Data Arithmetic Unit.- Control Arithmetic Unit.- Memory.- Serial and Parallel Input-Output.- Inmos A100 Digital Signal Processor.- IMS A100 Cascadable Signal Processor.- IMS A110 Image and Signal Processing Subsystem.- Texas Instruments’ TMS34010 Graphics Processor.- Summary.- 8. Microprocessors and Multiprocessing.- General.- Topologies.- Link-Oriented Networks.- Bus-Oriented Topologies.- Case Study of Multiprocessing with the Transputer.- Summary.