Superfluid States of Matter

ISBN-13: 9780367783525 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 583 str.

Nikolay V. Prokof'ev

Opis

Covers the State of the Art in Superfluidity and SuperconductivitySuperfluid States of Matter addresses the phenomenon of superfluidity/superconductivity through an emergent, topologically protected constant of motion and covers topics developed over the past 20 years. The approach is based on the idea of separating universal classical-field superfluid properties of matter from the underlying system’s “quanta.” The text begins by deriving the general physical principles behind superfluidity/superconductivity within the classical-field framework and provides a deep understanding of all key aspects in terms of the dynamics and statistics of a classical-field system.It proceeds by explaining how this framework emerges in realistic quantum systems, with examples that include liquid helium, high-temperature superconductors, ultra-cold atomic bosons and fermions, and nuclear matter. The book also offers several powerful modern approaches to the subject, such as functional and path integrals.Comprised of 15 chapters, this text:Establishes the fundamental macroscopic properties of superfluids and superconductors within the paradigm of the classical matter fieldDeals with a single-component neutral matter fieldConsiders fundamentals and properties of superconductorsDescribes new physics of superfluidity and superconductivity that arises in multicomponent systemsPresents the quantum-field perspective on the conditions under which classical-field description is relevant in bosonic and fermionic systemsIntroduces the path integral formalismShows how Feynman path integrals can be efficiently simulated with the worm algorithmExplains why nonsuperfluid (insulating) ground states of regular and disordered bosons occur under appropriate conditionsExplores superfluid solids (supersolids)Discusses the rich dynamics of vortices and various aspects of superfluid turbulence at T →0Provides account of BCS theory for the weakly interacting Fermi gasHighlights and analyzes the most crucial developments that has led to the current understanding of superfluidity and superconductivityReviews the variety of superfluid and superconducting systems available today in nature and the laboratory, as well as the states that experimental realization is currently actively pursuing

Spis treści

I Superfluidity from a Classical-Field Perspective. Neutral Matter Field. Superfluidity at Finite Temperatures and Hydrodynamics. Superfluid Phase Transition. Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless Phase Transition. II Superconducting and Multicomponent Systems. Charged Matter Fields. Multicomponent Superconductors and Superfluids, and Superconducting and Metallic Superfluids. III Quantum-Mechanical Aspects: Macrodynamics. Quantum-Field Perspective. Path Integral Representation. Supersolids and Insulators. Dynamics of Vortices and Phonons: Turbulence. IV Green’s Functions and Feynman’s Diagrams. Thermodynamics of Weakly Interacting Bose Gas. BCS Theory. Kinetics of Bose–Einstein Condensation. V Historical Overview. Superfluid States in Nature and the Laboratory. Index

O autorze

Boris Vladimirovich Svistunov received his MSc in physics in 1983 from Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia. In 1990, he received his PhD in theoretical physics from Kurchatov Institute (Moscow), where he worked from 1986 to 2003 (and is still affiliated with). In 2003, he joined the Physics Department of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Egor Sergeevich Babaev received his MSc in physics in 1996 from St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University and A. F. Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. In 2001, he received his PhD in theoretical physics from Uppsala University (Sweden). In 2007, after several years as a postdoctoral research associate at Cornell University, he joined the faculty of the Physics Department of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He is currently a faculty member at the Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.

Nikolay Victorovich Prokof’ev received his MSc in physics in 1982 from Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia. In 1987, he received his PhD in theoretical physics from Kurchatov Institute (Moscow), where he worked from 1984 to 1999. In 1999, he joined the Physics Department of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.