1. Introduction; 2. Is determinism dead?; 3. Incorporating new methods I: the stable isotope revolution; 4. Incorporating new methods II: residue chemistry; 5. Incorporating new methods III: answering palaeoeconomic questions with molecular genetics; 6. Incorporating new methods IV: phytoliths and starch grains in the tropics and beyond; 7. Integrated case study I: early farming in Central Europe; 8. Integrated case study II: horse domestication and the origins of pastoralism in Central Asia; 9. Conclusion.