Studies in Syntax and Semantics

ISBN-13: 9789027700278 / Angielski / Twarda / 1975 / 243 str.

Ferenc Kiefer; F. Kiefer

Opis

In the last decade a profound change has occurred in linguistic science. Not only have old problems been tackled from an entirely new point of view but also quite a few new fields of linguistic research have been opened. The common characteristic of the majority of the theories and methods developed recently is the search for a more adequate description of language. Adequacy does not mean simply that the theory must conform to the facts. It must also meet the general requirements of present-day theories: coherence, clear-cut notions, rigor of presentation. It has also become abundantly clear that linguistic research cannot be content with the registration and classification of linguistic phenomena. In one way or another linguistics must try to explain the deep-seated regularities in language which in general do not appear on the surface in some straightforward way. Therefore, we find the attribute 'deep' very often in contemporary linguistic literature. Linguistic theories seek an explanation for the observed facts in terms of a system of hypotheses about the functioning of language. As research proceeds these will undergo essential changes. Some of them will be waived, others com plemented. The papers of the present volume follow these general principles of linguistic theory though they may differ from each other in the way of presentation considerably. Some of the papers make use of the framework of transformational-generative grammar (e. g. Kuroda; Perlmutter), others approach the pertinent problem from a different angle (e. g. Dupraz and Rouault; Apresyan, Mel'cuk, and Zolkovski)."

Spis treści

Semantics and Lexicography: Towards a New Type of Unilingual Dictionary.- Arguments and Predicates in the Logico-Semantic Structure of Utterances.- I. Linguistic Indices as Arguments of Type 1.- II. Arguments of Type 2.- III. Arguments of Type 3.- IV. Concluding Remarks.- Remarks on Definitions in Natural Language.- 1. Introduction.- 2. On the Syntactic Form and the Semantic Interpretation of Definitions.- 3. Lexical Relatedness of Grammars.- 4. Lexical Aspects and Ostensive Definitions.- 5. Partial and Complete Definitions.- 6. Redundant Definitions, Linguistic and Encyclopedic Knowledge.- 7. Generic Sentences and Completing Definitions.- Generative Semantics vs. Deep Syntax.- Lexis — Affirmation — Négation: Étude Fondée Sur Les Classes.- 0. Introduction.- 1. Univers de départ.- 2. Les lexis.- 2.1. Premier stade: équivalence de prédicats et choix d’une notion.- 2.2. Deuxième stade: classes résultant du choix d’une notion.- 3. Parcours, extraction et fléchage.- 4. Modalités du type M1 (assertion).- 5. Schéma résumant les rélations entre les ensembles introduits aux paragraphes précédents.- Bibliographie.- Types of Lexical Information.- 0. The Lexicon.- 1. The Speech Act.- 2. Elementary Semantic Properties of Verbs.- 3. Predicate Structure.- 4. Case Structure.- 5. Surface Realization of Arguments.- 6. Meaning vs. Presupposition.- 7. Evaluative and Orientative Features.- 8. Functional Shift.- 9. Deep-Structure Acceptability.- 10. Government.- 11. Transformationally Introduced Predicators.- 12. Subject and Object.- 13. Sample Lexical Entries.- Remarks on Selectional Restrictions and Presuppositions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Chomskian Framework and McCawley’s Criticism.- 3. McCawley’s Treatment of Selectional Restrictions and Presupposition.- 4. Criticism against McCawley’s Claim, 1; Gender Agreement in the General Case of Pronominalization.- 5. Criticism against McCawley’s Claim, 2; Gender Agreement in French.- 6. An Alternative Proposal Indicated.- 7. Selectional Feature as Structural Change of a Transformation.- 8. Relativization and Pronominalization as Feature Agreement Transformation.- 9. Transformations as Partial Well-Formedness Conditions.- 10. Gender Agreement; Grammatical and Natural Gender.- 11. Concluding Remarks.- Evidence for Deep Structure Constraints in Syntax.- 0. The Problem.- 1. The Unlike-Subject Constraint in English.- 2. The Like-Subject Constraint in Serbo-Croatian.- On the Structural Analysis and Typology of Poetic Images.- 0. Introduction.- 1. On the Problems of Poetic Images in General.- 2. The Definition and Analysis of Images. The Typology of Images.- 2.1. The Definition of ‘Image’.- 2.2. The Analysis of Images.- 2.3. The Typology of Images.- 3. The Analysis of Single Images.- 3.1. On the Construction of the Inherent Structure of Lexical Units.- 3.2. The Syntactico-Semantic Characterization of Single Images.- 4. The Linguistic Analysis of the “Image Field” of a Work.- 5. Summary.- L’Ordre des Mots et la Sémantique.- Bibliographie.- Index of Names.